FOREWORD 3 TEXAS IN THE CIVIL WAR: A RÉSUMÉ HISTORY 5 TEXAS IN 1860 7 POLITICS, SECESSION, AND WAR 7 MOBILIZATION: EVENTS OF 1861 10 CAMPAIGNING: 1862 12 TEXAS UNITS FIGHTING ELSEWHERE: 1861-1863 15 ISOLATION OF THE SOUTHWEST: 1863 19 BEGINNING OF THE END: 1864 22 FIGHTING BEYOND TEXAS: 1863-1865 25 THE BREAK-UP: 1865 28 NOTES 31 BIBLIOGRAPHY 38 MANUSCRIPTS 38 REPRODUCED COPIES OF MANUSCRIPTS 38 PUBLIC DOCUMENTS 39 OTHER PRIMARY SOURCES 39 SECONDARY SOURCES 39 NEWSPAPERS 40 ARTICLES 41 CHRONOLOGY 43 EVENTS IN TEXAS, 1861-1865 45 TEXAS IN THE CIVIL WAR: A RÉSUMÉ HISTORY TEXAS IN 1860 Texas in 1860 was an area where the Old South faded into what was to become the new West. The state was a partially settled land of contrasts surrounded by enemies on all but the Louisiana side.[1] This one friendly boundary was a powerful tie that linked Texas both physically and psychologically with its Southern parent lands. Because the state was in an early phase of settlement, the population of 420,891 white persons included a great majority of people who had been born in other states or in foreign countries. Barely one-third of the whites had been born in Texas, while over ten percent of them were originally from countries other than the United States. Most of the settlers from other states were from the South.[2] Thus far these hardy individuals had organized counties along the entire length of the Rio Grande and, elsewhere, as far west as the 100th meridian frontier line.