Text-book of forensic medicine and toxicologyBuchanan, R. J. M. (Robert James McLean)
Science
Text-book of forensic medicine and toxicology
Buchanan, R. J. M. (Robert James McLean)
Medical jurisprudence; Poisons
Eyes and Veins.--The angle of the eyes to the middle line of the face
is an aid to identity; this will show whether the equator of the eye
is on a plane at a right angle to the middle line, or above or below
it. Tamassia lays much stress upon the arrangement of the veins on the
back of the hands, which is an individual characteristic and one which
is not easily altered or likely to be. By compressing the arms with a
ligature the veins are made to stand out in relief and the backs of the
hands are photographed.
Other Peculiarities.--The identity of the accused may be further
proved by the absence or malformation of the =teeth= corresponding
with a bite on the party assaulted, or the impression of the teeth on
soft articles like cheese. Peculiarities of dentistry may be useful
in identification. Or it may be proved that the wound inflicted could
only have been made by a left-handed person, or in a manner peculiar to
those engaged in the slaughtering of animals--_e.g._ is the cut from
within outwards, as employed by butchers? The correspondence in the
size and peculiarities of the foot of the prisoner and the =footprints=
found in the vicinity of the crime is important as evidence. There
is considerable difference of opinion as to the size of a footprint
on the ground, Mascar of Belgium asserting that it is _smaller_ than
the foot that made it, Caussè, on the contrary, that it is usually
_larger_. It should be borne in mind that the size of the footprint
varies in running, walking, and standing, being smallest in running
and largest when the individual is standing, which may account for the
difference of opinion of the two observers just mentioned. This fact
should always be borne in mind when an examination is required to be
made of the footprints in the neighbourhood of the crime. A mark in the
footprint showing that the sole of the boot had been patched, or in
the case of the naked foot that there was some deformity of the toes,
would of necessity be important. The mark of the naked foot smeared
with blood has, in several cases, led to the identification of the
culprit. Photographs may be used as a means of identification. Casts of
footprints may be taken by smearing the print carefully with oil, and
pouring in liquid plaster of Paris, or by dusting it over with powdered
paraffin wax, and then melting it by holding a hot iron over the print;
this may be repeated until a sufficiently thick cast is obtained. Hot
solution of gelatine in water, mixed with oxide of zinc and glycerine
to the requisite consistence, may be used for the purpose.
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