The length of the twelfth rib in the male averages 103 mm., in the female 83.8 mm. The pelvis exhibits marked differences. The sacrum of the male is more curved than that of the female, which is straighter in the upper half and more curved in the lower. The male pelvis is more compact, deeper, rougher, and narrower. The pubic angle is smaller, the obturator foramen is oval, and the ischia incurved. The female pelvis is more open, shallower, wider, not so rough, a wider pubic angle, and shallower and broader symphysis, the ischia are everted, wider apart and flatter, and the obturator foramen triangular. The inlet of the female pelvis is greater in all its diameters. The skull in the male is heavier and larger, the markings and ridges being more pronounced, the mastoid processes, occipital protuberance, zygomatic and superciliary ridges are more prominent, and the capacity greater than in the female. In the female the jaw is less prominent and has a wider angle. The lumbar curve is longer in the female, and the lumbo-sacral angle greater than in the male. The angle made by the neck of the femur with the shaft is about a right angle in the female, more obtuse in the male. It must be remembered that these differences between the sexes are not present to the same degree before puberty, so that prior to it the examination offers little evidence as to sex. When examining bones any injuries to their structure or other abnormalities should be noted. The skull must be carefully examined for fractures, especially the base, which may be easily overlooked. Injuries to vertebræ should be looked for. The presence of callus will indicate that fracture has occurred at a period before death long enough for its formation. Age.--There are several data which enable one to form a fairly accurate opinion as to the age of a body, these are especially useful in earlier years and intra-uterine life. The more general are the size, height, development, the presence or absence of signs of puberty, the state of dentition, the greyness of the hair; in the female the atrophic condition of the uterus after the menopause, and the character of the lower jaw. In addition are the time of life at which centres of ossification appear and the union of epiphyses to the shafts of bones and bones with each other. In intra-uterine life centres of ossification appear by the end of the sixth month in the os calcis, manubrium, and the bodies and laminas of the sacral vertebræ; by the seventh, in the first piece of the body of the sternum and the astragalus; by the eighth, in the second piece of the body of the sternum; at full term in the cuboid, third piece of the sternal body, first coccygeal vertebra, and the lower epiphysis of the femur.