deleterious, and those on the magnesian limestone often harbor the poison of goitre, and cretinism, and favor the occurrence of urinary calculus. _Faulty food and feeding_ in the domestic animals are chargeable with many diseases. Stock often fall off in condition, in the hands of one feeder, when the same food given with regularity and judgment by a more careful feeder would keep them in the highest health. Hay and grain which is musty and filled with cryptogams and their products, are common causes of disorder of the stomach, the kidneys, the nervous system or of general nutrition. Smut and ergot at certain stages of their growth or grown under given conditions cause nervous disorders, abortions, and gangrene of the extremity. A long list of vegetable poisons may mix with fodders, and animal poisons with the food of the Carnivora. A number of standard fodders may be poisonous at certain stages of growth, as partially ripened perennial rye grass, millet, Hungarian grass, vetches, etc. _Water and deprivation of water_ are fertile causes of illness. Ruminants cannot chew the cud when deprived of water, hence impaction of the first and even of the third stomach with fermentations, tympany and other disorders. Horses suffer more from a full drink of water after a feed of grain, the unchanged albuminoids being carried on into the intestines, and both gastric and intestinal indigestion induced. Sheep suffer fatal fermentations after drinking the alkaline water of the Plains; cattle have diarrhœa and dysentery from selenitions, or from stagnant and putrid water; and the water from the dolomite is the usual channel of the goitre poison. Certain germs like the plasmodia of malaria, and comma bacillus have their natural home in impure water, and others like anthrax bacillus survive in the mud and silt at the bottom of wells, ponds, and rivers and enter the system in the water. _Compulsory rest_ in a stall often induces torpor of liver and bowels, general muscular debility, and fatty degeneration especially of the liver and heart. A few months of the swill feed, hot atmosphere and absolute rest in a distillery stable usually ruins cattle for stock purposes. _Overexertion_ on the other hand is prolific of illness. Exhaustion of the muscles, congestion, inflammation, cramps, congested lungs, heart failure or rupture, apoplexies and other hæmorrhages are among the resultant maladies. Auto-poisoning is another result shown in equine hæmoglobinæmia, and the fever of leucomaines. The excessive development of sarcolactic acid from muscular work may render an insusceptible animal susceptible to the anthrax bacillus. _Mechanical causes_ would include over-exertion, in the production of strains, fractures, and other injuries. They would also include impaction by foreign bodies, calculi, and ingesta, friction of folds of skin or by harness and other objects and pressure which leads to absorption and atrophy. To these must be added _poisons of vegetable, mineral and