Text book of veterinary medicine, Volume 2 (of 5)Law, James
Science
Text book of veterinary medicine, Volume 2 (of 5)
Law, James
Veterinary medicine
The divisions of the left bundle anastomose so freely with each other in
the mesentery and immediately above the intestine that the blocking of
any one branch cannot entirely arrest the circulation in the
corresponding part of the intestine. It may however produce a partial
local stagnation in the vessels of a short loop of intestine, resulting
in œdematous infiltration and thickening with resulting induration and
stricture of the gut. Chronic and permanent lesions are produced by such
blocking, but only rarely acutely fatal ones. Acute and fatal congestive
lesions of the small intestine from verminous embolism, occur only when
several adjacent divisions of the artery are blocked at once, and this
is a rare occurrence.
The right bundle of branches furnishes the only two arteries which are
supplied to the cæcum and the only artery furnished to the first half of
the double colon. The ileo-cæcal branch is less involved, first, because
being less dependent and smaller, it is less likely to receive an
embolus, and, second, because any lack of blood supply is
counterbalanced by the free anastomosis with the last iliac division of
the left bundle. When the embolus blocks the undivided trunk of the
right bundle this same principle comes into play, the free supply of
blood from the posterior branch of the left bundle supplying blood
through its anastomosis with the iliac and cæcal branches of the right.
But when the emboli are lower down, in the cæcal branches of the right
bundle, or in these and the colic branch, arrest of the circulation in
the intestinal walls ensues, followed by paresis, passive congestion and
hemorrhage. The cæcum and double colon thus become the seats of the
grave and fatal lesions of verminous embolism.
The resulting lesions are to be variously accounted for. The stagnation
of blood in the vessels below the embolus, determines a speedy
exhaustion of its oxygen and increase of its carbon dioxide, so that it
is rendered unfit to maintain the normal nutrition and functions of the
part, and the capillary and intestinal walls are alike struck with atony
or paresis. The blood filters into the stagnant vessels slowly from
adjacent anastomosing trunks, and the liquor sauguinis exudes into the
substance of the tissues and lumen of the intestine, leaving behind the
greater part of the blood globules so that the stagnant blood is
rendered more and more abnormal in composition. The walls of the
capillaries soon lose their cohesion as well as their contractility, and
giving way at different points, allow the escape of blood into the
tissues, bowels and peritoneal cavity. It has been further claimed that
the emboli already infected and in process of degeneration communicate
this to the walls of the vessels and to the stagnant blood, hastening
the process of degeneration and rupture.
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