In ordinary cases due to the presence of an irritant the first object must be to relieve the bowels of this, and the second to soothe the irritated mucous membrane. A laxative is usually all that is required, but it must be a mild one so as not to add to already existing irritation. Olive or castor oil are to be preferred as a rule (horse and ox 1 pint; sheep and swine 4 ounces; dog ½ ounce), alone or with a moderate dose of laudanum. Or rhubarb or aloes may be substituted if desired. A dose of whisky or brandy, or oil of turpentine will often do much to allay the secretion and peristalsis. These should be followed by moderate doses of flaxseed gruel, or solution of slippery elm or mallow, or simple well boiled gruels. If the discharge persists after the laxative has had time to operate, these mucilaginous agents may be replaced by solutions of boiled starch, or of gum arabic, and small doses of calmatives such as laudanum (horse or ox 1 ounce, sheep or pig 2 drachms, dog 20 drops), or prussic acid or cyanide of potassium (30 drops of the acid or grains of the salt for horse or cow). Sub-carbonate of bismuth, chalk, and carminatives and antiseptics may also be given. According to the indications the practitioner must combat persistent intestinal fermentation, or a relaxed adynamic condition of the intestinal mucosa, or general weakness and exhaustion, with such agents as seem best adapted to the individual case. _Chronic_ cases will demand the exercise of much judgment. After a gentle laxative, salts of iron (sulphate, chloride) and pure bitters may be given with antiseptics. Or vegetable astringents (catechu, kino) with freshly burned charcoal and essential oils (peppermint, cloves, cajeput) may be employed. In some instances calomel and chalk (1:12) will serve a good end. In others silver nitrate, or arsenite of copper succeeds. Quinine, nux vomica, pepsin, may be used to improve tone. The diet is usually all important. Well boiled gruels, boiled milk, arrowroot, pulped or scraped raw flesh may be demanded in different cases. The patient should be kept at perfect rest, and all excitement avoided. COLIC, ENTERALGIA, INTESTINAL SPASM.