ACUTE CONGESTION OF THE KIDNEYS IN SOLIPEDS. Definition. Causes: bacteria, toxins, irritant diuretics, musty oats or fodder, foul water, cantharides, turpentine, aqueous grasses, onions, moulting, cold, chills, injuries to loins, over-driving. Lesions: kidney enlarged, red, black, softened, capsule loose, cut surface drops blood, brown, softened necrosed areas, gorged capillaries of glomeruli and convoluted tubes, granular or fatty changes in epithelium, may be ruptures. Symptoms: sudden; weak tender loins, slow dragging straddling gait, accelerated pulse and breathing, anxious countenance, colics, sweating, urine from limpid to black, with red globules, and casts. Prompt recovery or nephritis. Diagnosis: from nephritis, hæmoglobinuria, laminitis, indigestion. Prevention: Treatment: bleeding, laxatives, diffusible stimulant diuretics, bromides, diluents, mucilaginous agents, fomentations, sinapisms, rectal injections, clothing, friction to the skin, restricted laxative diet. _Definition._ Active congestion of the renal capillaries, especially of those of the glomeruli and convoluted tubes, with colicy pains, and free discharge of urine, in some cases bloodstained. _Causes._ It may be determined by local irritation caused by the passage of the bacteria and toxins of infectious diseases such as influenza or contagious pneumonia. In the same way irritant diuretics, medicinal, alimentary and toxic, operate. Diuretic balls and condition powders given recklessly by stablemen and grooms, saltpeter, resin, oleo resins, turpentine, rue, savin, colchicum, squill, anemone nemorosa, adonis, cynanchum vincetoxicum and other species of ascelepias, hellebore, mercurialis annua and bryony are examples. The young shoots of the coniferous plants, fir, balsam fir, pine, white and yellow, and hemlock, are at times injurious. In the same way, damp moldy oats or fodder produce renal congestion and excessive polyuria, also corrupt, stagnant water and that of marshes which often contains complex toxic products of fermentation. Water of ponds in which cantharides or potato beetles have been drowned, is dangerous. The cantharides, euphorbium or oil of turpentine applied too extensively to the skin as a counter-irritant, is another factor. Even the rich aqueous grasses of spring succeeding to the dry winter diet, stimulate the kidneys, determining an active congestion with polyuria and in bad cases hæmaturia. In many such cases there are superadded the acrid diuretic plants already referred to. In Denmark where onions are grown on a large scale, the tops fed to animals have produced renal congestion.