As occurring irrespective of plethora or irritants there may be at first only poor condition and debility with the passage of blood. A pink tinge may show on the froth in the milk pail, and a red precipitate on its bottom. If not anæmic at the outset they soon become so, and the pulse which was at first bounding becomes small and weak, the heart palpitates, the red mucosæ become pale. The subjects become tucked up, emaciated, weak, rough coated, the skin adherent to the bones, and the appetite and rumination impaired or lost. Sometimes colics are present. In the milder anæmic forms it may continue for months before it causes death. In such cases it may prove intermittent. _Morbid Anatomy._ In the hæmaturia of plethora the kidneys are large, congested and of a dark red, but, preserve their normal consistency and texture. In the form associated with ingestion of irritant plants, there is congestion of the pharynx, stomachs, and intestines with hæmorrhagic spots, congestion of the liver, violent congestion of the kidneys which are of a blackish red color, and enlarged to perhaps twice the normal size, with hæmorrhagic exudations, the convoluted tubes filled with fibrinous exudate and blood globules, the pelvis red and like the bladder containing some reddish urine. The vesical mucosa may be black. In anæmic cases the kidneys are pale, flaccid and colorless, with a reddish liquid in the pelvis and bladder. The vascular system is comparatively empty, and the blood, thin, and watery, and often coagulates loosely or not at all. As noted by Herland globules are greatly reduced in numbers and size, and often crenated or partially broken down. Slight serous effusions in the serous membranes are common. The liver is softened and enlarged, the lacteals have reddish contents, and the ingesta are dark colored. _Treatment. Preventive._ Avoid hæmaturia pastures and the fodder grown on such lands. Drain and cultivate such soils. When animals must feed on the products of such soils supplement the food by grain, oil cake, cotton seed meal, etc. Avoid stagnant waters draining from such soils. _Therapeutic Treatment._ Give oleaginous or saline laxative to clear out poisons and ferments from the bowels and may add an antiferment (salol, salicylic acid, carbolic acid, turpentine oil, chlorate of potash, sulphites or hyposulphites), no matter if diarrhœa is present. Follow with tonics (copperas, chloride of iron) and stimulant antiseptics (ol. terebinth, potass. chlorate), and sound food. Flax seed, linseed meal, farinas. Bitters may be added (gentian, quinine, quassia). As a calmative, camphor (2 to 4 drs.) 2 or 3 times a day has proved useful. In case of nephritis treat as for that affection. Weiner lauds empyreumatic oil and oil of turpentine with camphor. In chronic cases, nourishing food with change of locality and water are very important. A course of iron tonics should wind up the treatment.