From _hæmoglobinæmia_ it is distinguished by the absence of the conditions under which that affection appears:—the previous heavy work and full rich feeding, the day or more of complete rest on full ration, and the sudden exercise following. The hind parts in hæmoglobinæmia are benumbed, paretic, or paralytic and not unfrequently rigid and swollen, and the brownish or reddish urine contains hæmoglobin in amorphous particles, and not red blood globules and sanguineous tubular casts as in renal congestion. From _laminitis_ it is distinguished by the absence of high fever, by the absence of the advance of the fore feet resting on the heels, of the heat and tenderness of the feet, by the ability to bear the lifting of one fore foot, or the tap of a hammer on the toe, by the lack of improvement after the first few steps as is seen in laminitis, and by the absence of the strong pulsations in the digital arteries. From _indigestion_ it is distinguished by the absence of the history which leads up to that condition, of abdominal tympany, of rumbling, of impaction and of frequent attempts to defecate, and by the presence of the stiffness, straddling, and the blood globules and albumen in the urine of low density. _Prevention._ This must be sought by the avoidance of all the factors of causation:—auto-intoxication in contagious diseases, excessive renal irritation from the injudicious use of diuretics, or the accidental ingestion of irritant or acrid diuretic plants or waters, or musty fodders, or the sudden change to the succulent, watery, first vegetation of spring, or of exposure to cold, wet, or damp, in all their forms, or of direct injury to the back or loins by blows, shocks, or violent exertions. _Treatment._ Trasbot and Cadeac strongly recommend venesection, and at the very outset in specially acute cases the sudden lessening of the arterial and capillary tension, by this potent means, may furnish the opportunity for the capillaries of the glomeruli and tubes to regain their normal tone, and thus contribute to a speedy abortion of the affection. If resorted to at all it should be made in a full stream from the jugular, so as to secure the fullest and most prompt result with the least possible effusion of blood.