Much, however, must depend on the attendant conditions. In toxin poisoning following on an infectious fever, the already existing debility will sufficiently forbid a resort to the lancet, and we must seek elimination by the bowels, the skin or even the kidneys. Antiseptics, too, are in order if there appears any ground for suspicion of the action of infecting agents. Some cases will recover promptly under diffusible, stimulant diuretics such as spirits of nitrous ether, which by stimulating the circulation in other organs and especially the skin, appears to relieve the kidney and solicit normal secretion. But most veterinarians dread the stimulus and irritation and prefer small doses of refrigerant diuretics: bicarbonate of soda 4 drs., saltpeter 2 drs. or the tartrates, citrates or acetates of the alkaline bases. In case of irritation by acrid diuretics, but especially by cantharides, camphor 2 drs., has been found to be particularly soothing, and next to this, bromide of camphor or bromide of potassium 1 to 2 drs. may be resorted to. Zundel prescribes acidulated camphorated drinks. The free use of mucilaginous drinks, such as boiled flax seed; and the persistent application of fomentations or wet compresses to the loins are of equal value in soothing irritation. Sinapisms may advantageously follow the local emollients. Laxatives act with less promptitude than diuretics, but on the whole constitute a safer treatment, since they secure elimination and derivation without risk of irritation to the kidneys. The oils: castor 1 to 2 pints, linseed 2 pints, or olive 2 pints, are especially to be recommended in this respect, but l’Homme advises manna, and calomel may also be used as a substitute. Injections of warm water are valuable in unloading the rectum and colon, soothing the kidneys and soliciting peristalsis. A restricted amylaceous diet is essential, and a warm stall or abundant clothing. Grooming or active rubbing of the skin tends to active derivation and often materially relieves. The case should not be abandoned until a day or two after the urine has returned to the normal, and for some time special care should be taken of the diet, stabling and work. ACUTE CONGESTION OF THE KIDNEYS IN CATTLE. Causes: infection, toxins, etc., irritant diuretics, chills, moulting, swill. Lesions: cortical kidney congestion, red to black, softening friability; urine limpid to red, with blood globules, albumen, and crystals. Symptoms: chill, tender loins, colic, straining, recovery in four days. Diagnosis: from hæmoglobinuria, cystitis, calculus. Prevention: diet, etc. Treatment: laxatives, flax seed, wet compresses, bromides, camphor, disinfectants, bitters.