Omitting the general bleeding, one can always find a good and safe alternative in bleeding the animal into his own tissues. Shaving the loins and cupping has often an excellent effect. An approach to this may be had by vigorous rubbing by several men at once, of the limbs and the whole surface of the body, by warm fomentations over the loins by means of spongio-piline or surgeon’s cotton covered with dry blankets, or by winding a hose round the body through which warm water is forced, or finally by a bath of steam or hot air, or in small animals of warm water. The dog may be placed in a bath of 80° or 90° F., which is allowed to gradually cool to 65° or 70°. In all these cases the greatest care must be taken to avoid chill when the animal is taken out. He should be quickly rubbed dry in a warm room and blanketed. Counter-irritants act in the same way, and mustard or hot water hotter than the hands can bear may be applied. Turpentine, cantharides and other diuretic counter-irritants must be carefully avoided. An old practice of laying a freshly removed sheep skin over the loins, with the flesh side inward, often causes a distinct exudation, thickening of the skin and derivation. A damp cloth, laid across the loins and thoroughly covered with dry to prevent any evaporation and chill, will usually give great relief and may be kept on for days. Internal medication must at first be mainly anodyne, laxative and diaphoretic. The two latter classes are at once derivative and eliminating, carrying out through other channels, waste products that would otherwise have taxed the kidneys. Among anodynes, the bromide of camphor (horse, 1–2 drs., dog, 2 to 5 grs.), bromide of potassium (horse, 1 dr., dog, 1 to 3 grs.), or hyoscyamus may be used, and repeated twice daily. Purgatives must be restricted to such as have no tendency to act on or irritate the kidneys. Castor oil, or sweet oil for the larger animals, or for the dog senna or jalap, may be given every morning to secure free movement. As diaphoretics, ipecacuanha, Dover’s powder, tartar emetic, and even pilocarpin may be used. The last named agent is especially useful when dropsy sets in, or uræmic stupor or coma threatens (horse 3 grs., ox 7 grs., dog ½ to ⅓ gr. according to size). If the heart shows weakness it must be sustained by digitalis, strophanthus, caffein or nitro-glycerine, and the pilocarpin withheld. In a sufficiently strong subject the stupor or coma may be met by the abstraction of blood, which benefits by the dilution of that which is left. Eclampsia may be further met by the inhalation of ether or chloroform, or the rectal injection of chloral or bromide solution. As the inflammation abates, if the action of the kidney is still insufficient in spite of the free drinking of pure water, alkaline diuretics may be given in small doses (tartrate, acetate or citrate of potash, bicarbonate of soda, saltpeter).