In excessive dropsy avoid sloughing by lancing the most tensely swollen parts to allow drainage, and keep the parts disinfected with carbolic or other antiseptic lotion. For ascites or hydrothorax, aspirate, and apply a compressory bandage. During convalescence a course of bitters (cinchona, salicin, gentian, nux vomica) and iron (phospho-tartar, iodide or phosphate) will often be called for. Anæmia may be met by doses of peroxide of hydrogen or the inhalation of oxygen. In the advanced stages benefit may accrue from the use of small doses of cubebs, copiaba, oil of turpentine or buchu, which have a tonic action on the renal mucosa. PURULENT NEPHRITIS. Causes: general, traumatic, metastatic, infective, wounds, shocks, strains, blows, falls, crowding, heavy loads, calculi, infective embolism. Lesions: miliary or large abscesses, diffuse suppuration, softening, disintegration, fistula. Symptoms: obscure, nephritic symptoms following distant abscess, chill, hyperthermia, general symptoms of nephritis, pus in urine, anæmia, emaciation. Treatment: to external wound, antiseptics, evacuate abscess, extirpate kidney with pyonephrosis, in dog or pig, calcium sulphide, sulphites, copiaba. _Causes._ Aside from the main causes of nephritis, the suppurative form may be determined by traumatic or metastatic infective conditions. Under _traumatic_ factors may be named punctured or gunshot wounds, shocks and strains connected with falls, blows, crowding, compression, too heavy weights on the back (pack, rider, two wheeled cart loaded too heavily forward and going down hill), and finally calculi in the uriniferous tubules. Under _metastatic_ factors come all infections, pyæmia, omphalitis, any suppurative affection of the lungs, (abscess, pneumonia, broncho-pneumonia), pharyngitis, etc. Embolic renal abscess may start from endocarditis, arteritis, or pulmonary phlebitis. _Lesions._ There may be a circumscribed renal abscess like a good large orange, or many small gray spots like millet seeds, peas or hazel nuts, having purulent centres and containing pus cocci or bacilli. In other cases a diffuse inflammation suppurates throughout till the whole gland becomes a pulpy mass of pus, blood and broken down kidney tissue (pyonephrosis). In traumatic cases the pus centres around the wound or injury, perhaps invading adjacent parts, and even communicating through the skin externally along the line of the original wound. The pus may burrow in different directions in the cortex or under the capsule with abscess at intervals (perinephritis), or along the vessels to the medullary structure.