When the small white kidney (granular, fatty) results from chronic nephritis, the prevention and treatment would be as for that disease. Little hope is to be entertained of entire restoration to health. AMYLOID KIDNEY. LARDACEOUS OR WAXY KIDNEY. This condition of the kidney has been found in the ox (Gerlach) and dog (Rabe, etc.). There are usually similar degenerative lesions in the liver, pancreas, intestines and other organs. It is usually a concomitant of some chronic wasting disease (chronic nephritis, tuberculosis, etc.). _Morbid Anatomy._ The kidney is usually enlarged, pale and on section waxy or glistening. Soaked in dilute compound tincture of iodine it shows spots of a walnut or mahogany brown color. The glomeruli are well marked and show the earlier changes, later the tubes do so excepting the epithelium. The latter is swollen, granular, fatty. _Symptoms._ There may have been those of chronic nephritis. Rabe has noticed in dogs dropsy of the limbs, ascites, emaciation, anorexia, followed by uræmia, coma, weakness, vomiting, and if the kidney alone was affected great lowering of temperature (35.9°C). With hepatic complication there was greater weakness, giddiness, and higher temperature (39.6°C). Urine is usually increased (in man albuminous) and the casts have shown the anyloid reaction. They tend to be fatty or finely granular. Casts may, however, show anyloid reaction when the kidney, post mortem, does not (Jaksch). _Diagnosis_ from Bright’s disease is often impossible. _Treatment_ is essentially the same as in chronic nephritis, and is not hopeful. Trasbot recommends KI 3 to 7 grs., or tinct of iodine 3 drops for shepherd dog. Ol. terebinth and alkaline diuretics are also commended. RENAL CALCULUS. This is much more common than is supposed. Small calculi formed in the tubuli uriniferi of cattle on dry winter feeding often pass without recognition, and habitually disappear on rich spring and summer grass. If retained in the pelvis until increasing size forbids their passage through the ureter they form pelvic calculi. If retained in the bladder so that they cannot enter the urethra they form cystic calculi. Pelvic calculi or concretions are often (in cattle and swine) mere scales lying in chalices. They may fill the whole pelvis and send branching processes into chalices. _Causes._ They are attributed to phosphaturia, lithæmia or uric acid diathesis, oxaluria, etc. In cattle they are associated with dry feeding and are common on all magnesian limestone soils. There are usually catarrh of the kidney and the presence of bacterial ferments and colloids (pus, albumen, etc.). (Sharing and Ord.) Calculi or gravel is preceded by renal catarrh, but this is aggravated by the crystalline deposit. Bacteria act also in producing NH_{3}O, which instantly precipitates ammonio-magnesian phosphate. Retention of urine greatly favors the precipitation.