_Special Symptoms._ Beside general disorder there is a disposition to decubitus, but with frequent rising to urinate though the bladder is not filled to repletion. Then the urine is passed in a slow stream by abdominal contraction, and without pulsating contractions of the urethra at the ischium which are so marked in calculus. Cystitis is greatly aggravated by overdistension, and if the bladder is paralyzed is very liable to go on to rupture. Galtier considers enzootic hæmaturia as essentially a hæmorrhagic cystitis, due to marshy soils, disordered liver, often distomatosis, and irritation of the urinary organs by the poisons which the liver was helpless to destroy or eliminate. The _treatment_ of cystitis in cattle does not differ materially from that of the horse. The hæmorrhagic form demands prevention by drainage, cultivation and the use of phosphates to the soil. CYSTITIS IN DOGS. The _special symptoms_ in dogs are uneasiness and frequent changes of place. The patient passes urine often in small quantity, and with whines or cries. He walks slowly and stiffly with the back arched, and compression of the abdomen and especially of the prepubian region is painful to a marked degree. The tense elastic bladder may often be distinctly felt through the abdominal walls. The inflamed bladder is liable to paresis and paralysis with great overdistension, and aggravation of the general symptoms, the eyes sunken, and dullness, stupor and coma betraying uræmic poisoning. Some claim rupture of the bladder as is so common in the ox. In the main, _treatment_ is as for the horse. Rest, warm bath, or fomentations, catheterism with aseptic catheter, draw urine through hypodermic nozzle in prepubian region. Antiseptics: boric or salicylic acid by the mouth and bladder. Laxatives, and plenty of water are important. Free access to open air where the animal can urinate, is very essential. In chronic cases, buchu, copaiba, balsams, or piperazine may be employed. Mustard blister. Electricity. Small doses of belladonna to give tone to the bladder. ATONY AND PARALYSIS OF THE BLADDER. _Causes._ This comes usually from troubles of innervation. Paraplegia, dorsal and lumbar fractures with injury to the spinal cord, brain lesions, hæmoglobinuria with effusion pressing on the cystic plexus, overdistension of the viscus, from cervical spasm, urethral stricture or calculus or parasite (strongylus gigas), acute or chronic cystitis. In dogs it may come from obstruction by enlarged prostate. Polypus blocking the cervix and chronic disease of the walls of the organ are additional causes.