_Symptoms._ More or less complete retention of the urine. The bladder cannot be completely emptied except by powerful contractions of the abdominal muscles. Habitually it may escape in drops, or in jets at intervals during exercise. Palpation will show overdistended bladder as a tense, elastic mass. But as overdistension may occur without paralysis, no case can be certainly diagnosed without catheterization to show that the urethra is free. When the paralysis affects the cervix, the urine escapes continually and trickles down the insides of the hips in mares, or from the sheath in males. _Diagnosis_ demands catheterism and rectal examination. Complication. Cystitis by retention. Infection by catheter. _Treatment._ Corresponds to causes. These corrected, use aseptic catheter often. After extreme distension empty partially, or inject a few ounces of borax or boric acid solution. Thus avoid collapse and inflammation, and secure antisepsis. Give tone by a course of strychnia, (ergot, belladonna), mustard blister; turpentine in small doses. Better electricity, 1 pole in bladder, 1 on pubic symphysis. Apply for 5 minutes. TUMORS OF THE BLADDER. Recorded cases of sarcoma (Mauri), carcinoma (Cadeac, Hink, Friedberger), and tuberculosis can be adduced. Papilloma is perhaps as frequent as any of the above. The author has treated two cases of papilloma in mares complicated with multiple small calculi and gravel. _Treatment_ is exclusively surgical and in the mare with the widely dilatable urethra this is sometimes possible through that channel. In the same animals _diagnosis_ may be accomplished by introducing the finger into the urethra and bladder. In other females and males, vaginal or rectal palpation must be resorted to. VESICAL PARASITES. Eustrongylus gigas. Dog, horse, man. Trichosoma plicata. Dog. Œstrus Hemorrhoidalis. Mare. SPASM OF NECK OF BLADDER. Spasm of the cervix vesicæ has been doubted, save as the result of local inflammation, yet it not uncommonly takes place in horses and other animals in connection with irritation attendant on the retention of urine during work, or in dogs during a period passed indoors. Trouble and suffering continues, with ineffectual efforts to micturate, but practically complete relief is secured by catheterization or by a spontaneous abundant discharge. The neurosis which leads to it is produced or aggravated at times by enlarged prostate, or lesions in the urethra. Intense fear may cause it. _Treatment._ Remove cause. Give antispasmodics, valerian, musk, bromides, chloral hydrate, opium, stramonium, hyoscyamus, codeine, etc., may be given as injections or suppositories. For the horse spread the litter and soothe by whistle or song. Or use the catheter and correct any local irritation. RUPTURE AND LACERATION OF THE BLADDER.