_Locally_ astringents and antiseptics have given good results. Solutions of alum or lead acetate with carbolic acid and iodine; frictions with soap liniment, with a mixture of aqua ammonia, oil of turpentine and oil, or with mixtures of oils of origanum, cajeput and peppermint, and iodine, or simple painting with tinct. of iodine may be cited. Fissures and open sores may be dressed with mercuric chloride solutions (1:1000), Lugol’s solution, phenic acid lotion, solution of creolin, lysol, or chloronaphtholeum, camphorated spirit, or other antiseptic agent. The nose should be injected, cleared of eschars, and if necessary propped open. An abundant, wholesome, easily digested diet, pure air, a dry stall and protection against cold are essential. CHICKEN CHOLERA. FOWL CHOLERA. CHICKEN TYPHOID. CHICKEN PASTEURELLOSIS. Definition. Historic notes. Bacteriology: Bacterium choleræ gallinaceæ, nonmotile, with polar stain, bleached by iodine, non-liquefying, causes septicæmic lesions. Lignieres’ bacillus, culture features non-gasogenic, acidifies dextrose; vitality in disinfectants; survives drying. Accessory causes: new birds in flock, or eggs for hatching, mingling of flocks, manure, watershed, streams, ponds, dust, wild birds, buzzards, rabbits, insects, infected soil. Susceptible animals: hens, doves, peafowl, pheasants, parrots, ducks, small birds, guinea pigs, rabbits, white and gray mice. Effect on sheep, horse, man, cow, frog. Incubation 18 to 48 hours. Symptoms: in fulminant cases rarely seen, in acute, anorexia, depression, debility, apathy, ruffled feathers, sunken head, neck, wings, tail, tremors, nasal and buccal discharge, hyperthermia, sighing, violet comb and wattles, thirst, pultaceous fæces, later glairy, green and fetid. Temperature becomes subnormal, inability to rise, stupor, convulsions, death in 1 to 3 days. Mild cases last 7 days. Cases caused by one microbe have slough only. Lesions: congested, petechiated, hæmorrhagic intestinal mucosa; contents of bowels watery, frothy, bloody; epithelial degeneration and desquamation; abrasions, croupous exudates, enlarged congested lymph glands, fermenting contents of crop. Petechiæ general, spleen and liver swollen, congested, friable; kidneys congested; lungs hyperæmic or blood gorged. Blood diffluent with microbe. Anæmia. Emaciation. Arthritis. Diagnosis: by rapid spread, infection origin, early excessive mortality, hæmorrhagic lesions, microbe in blood and liquid ingesta. Prognosis: Mortality 90 to 95 per cent. at outset. Prevention: Quarantine new birds, inside screens in summer; burn or acidify manure; exclude buzzards, vermin, wild birds, and visitors; separate sick, kill, burn, disinfect; divide infected flock in small lots; prevent wandering in fowls, destroy insects. Phenic acid subcutem. Immunization: inoculate in breast with one microbe (Salmon): or with weakened virus (Pasteur). Limitations.