_Diagnosis._ A fully developed case is easily recognized. The fever and constitutional disorder, complicated by petechiæ on the mucosæ and skin; the extensive swellings suddenly formed, oozing serum or blood, and tending to fissures and necrosis; and the discharge of blood from the nose, bowels, kidneys and udder, in the absence of the bacilli of anthrax, emphysematous anthrax, malignant œdema, and wildeseuche; the slower progress; the low mortality; the occurrence on a damp, springy, or impermeable soil, or one known to produce this disease; and especially if in late summer or autumn, become virtually pathognomonic. _Prevention._ Seclude cattle in late summer and autumn especially, from soils known to be productive of this affection and above all from damp wet clays, underlaid by hardpan, from swamps, from drying up ponds and basins, from wet river bottoms and deltas and from springy fields generally. Fields of this kind may be reserved for cultivated crops or for raising hay. The fundamental remedy is thorough drainage, and a subsequent abandonment of the land for a year or two to other crops to allow of a dissipation of the poison. Sudden chills after being heated or fatigued, and exposure in the pasture in cold nights are to be avoided. _Treatment._ The French writers up to the present extol bleeding for the early stages. Its benefit must apparently depend on the diminution of the blood tension allowing the distended capillaries to resume their normal contractility, and in the lessening of the tendency to exosmosis, and the encrease of endosmosis so that much of the poison in the blood is removed and what remains is largely diluted and rendered comparatively harmless. However well this may operate in the strong and plethoric, it cannot be considered as applicable to the weak or anæmic, nor to advanced cases in which the vital powers are already seriously reduced by the abundant exudations and extravasations, and by the narcotic and devitalizing action of the circulating toxins. With us the demand is usually met by laxatives and diuretics, under the idea that these are less debilitating and that if the morbid process can be arrested recovery is more prompt and perfect. A purge of sulphate of soda is followed by full doses of nitrate or acetate of potash, in combination with iodide of potassium, or chlorate of potash; or bicarbonate of soda associated with hyposulphite of soda. These or other diuretics should be pushed so as to produce free diuresis. Stimulating antiseptic diuretics like ol. terebinth, may be added. Iodine solutions injected into the trachea have been recommended as for the horse (Huber, Heuberger, Rohr,) and the serum or silver preparations or adrenalin may be tried.