Text book of veterinary medicine, Volume 4 (of 5)Law, James
Science
Text book of veterinary medicine, Volume 4 (of 5)
Law, James
Veterinary medicine
Percussion of the lungs may reveal small areas of flatness from exudate
or collapse, and in case of pleurisy and hydrothorax there is a lack of
resonance up to a given horizontal line, varying in position according
to the position of the animal and always keeping to that part of the
thorax which may at the time be lowest. Auscultation will reveal various
sounds according to existing lesions. There may be a loud blowing murmur
over the large bronchia, or at points to which this sound is conveyed
through consolidated lung. Or a coarse or fine mucous râle may be
present indicating the second stage of bronchitis, or a line of
crepitation, around a non-resonant area indicating pneumonia, or there
may be friction sounds or, later, creaking murmurs from false membranes.
Wheezing and sibilant sounds are not uncommon, also sounds of the heart,
bronchia or bowels, heard in unwonted situations to which they are
conveyed through consolidated lung tissue. Dyspnœa may become extreme,
with puffing out of the cheeks, labial soufle, and violent inspiratory
action. Fœtor of the breath is common. Emaciation, marasmus, sunken,
pale or dark red eyes, putrid diarrhœa and nervous disorders usually
precede death.
_Eye Symptoms._ Conjunctival congestion is one of the earliest and most
constant symptoms. Weeping, swollen eyelids and red turgid mucosa.
Photophobia may bespeak keratitis. Soon the watery tears become
muco-purulent, matting together the lashes and even the lids, during the
night especially, so that they must be sponged to get them apart in the
morning. The exudate may accumulate under the lower lid, or may become
flocculent, and usually flows down the cheeks causing matting and even
shedding of the hair. Vesicles exceptionally appear on the conjunctiva;
more frequently it becomes cloudy and opaque, and at points near the
centre, degeneration of the epithelium leads to the formation of ulcers
no larger than pinheads, but extending into the cornea and sometimes
perforating it so as to allow protrusion of the membrane of Descemet or
the escape of the aqueous humor. The formation and extension of the
ulcers are favored by the general debility, the rubbing of the eye with
the paws, and the infection of abrasions, by pus microbes. This
infection may extend to the lining member of the anterior chamber and
even of the posterior with panophthalmia, but, in the absence of
perforation, internal ophthalmia is rare. When the ulcers heal, white
cicatricial spots, or black points caused by the adhesion of the uveal
pigment remain.
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