Definition. Historic notes. Geographical distribution. Animals susceptible: Young cattle after weaning, sheep, goats; horses, asses and white rats, have local swelling; dog, cat, pig, bird and man immune. Immune animals succumb if injected with lactic acid, or proteus vulgaris, or violently exerted (sarco-lactic acid). Causes. Bacillus anthracis emphysematosa, 3 to 10μ by 5μ, stains violet with iodine, anærobic, sporulates in living body, hence seen as rod, club, and round, spore. Lives in exudate, not in blood nor on surface. Table comparing with anthrax bacillus. Vitality: resists drying, cold, 98° F., weakened by 139°, sterilized by 212° F. for 20 minutes, by strong antiseptics. Lives in dense clay, hard pan, and waterlogged soils holding little oxygen. Accessory causes: lactic and other organic acids, overwork, potash salts, alcohol, salt, proteus vulgaris, micrococcus prodigiosa, low condition, debility, plethora, chills, change to warmth, youth, melting snows, freshets, drying of wet lands. Symptoms: incubation a few hours, disease 12 to 70 hours. Hyperthermia, swelling in loose connective tissue, shoulder, quarter, arm, thigh, neck, trunk, palate, base of tongue, pharynx, tender point, rapidly enlarges, spreads, crepitates, percussion resonance, finally cold, insensible, and withered. On incision black, bloody pulp, or frothy. Peripheral gelatinoid exudate. Subsidiary lymph glands enlarged. Cases with deep seated exudate. Diagnosis: from malignant œdema and anthrax. Lesions: early decomposition, bloating, in swelling blood extravasation with gas bubbles and lymph exudate, muscle beneath dirty brown or black, breaking down when pressed, shows waxy or fatty degeneration, and many leucocytes and cell forms. Lymph glands and plexuses blood gorged. Extravasation may be in internal organs. Liver congested. Spleen rarely enlarged. Treatment: Chloride of iron internally, ammonia iodide and ol. terebinth externally. Scarify and use hydrogen peroxide or potassium permanganate. Antitoxins. Prevention: drain and till soil, apply quicklime to muck, exclude new animals just from infected districts, disinfect buildings, close infected wells and streams, seclude the sick, burn, cook or dissolve carcasses, or fence graves. Bleeding purgation, diuresis, uniform good feeding, setoning. Immunization by heated and sterilized culture; by toxins passed through a porcelain filter; by minimum dose intravenously; by injection into trachea; by inoculation on tip of tail; by inoculation with Pasteur weakened virus; by heat sterilized virus. _Synonyms._ Symptomatic Anthrax; Black Quarter; Quarter Ill; Black Leg; Rauschbrand; Charbon Symptomatique.