=Anthrax in Birds.= _Symptoms._ Birds (chickens) are naturally less susceptible than swine, yet they succumb readily to inoculation, when the body has been cooled by partial immersion in cold water. Caplewsky found that, apart from artificial chilling, young pigeons of certain breeds were easily infected, and Œmler successfully inoculated small birds, sparrows, finches, canaries, yellow hammers, red breasts. The larger birds are more resistant but succumb readily if dosed with chloral hydrate, or antipyrin (Wagner). Birds of prey seem to be immune. In chickens the disease is very acute, of rapid progress and fatal. A few hours after inoculation they are seized with dulness, debility, sunken head, drooping wings and tail, ruffled feathers, and dark red or black discoloration of comb and wattles. Dark colored anthrax swellings may appear on these last, on the eyes, tongue, palate or feet, and the obstruction of breathing may cause general cyanosis. Weakness is extreme, the bird staggers or is unable to rise, has violent tremors or convulsions, with bloody diarrhœa and perishes after a few hours or a day’s illness. The presence of anthrax in the locality, or in other species, will be to some extent a safeguard against confounding chicken cholera, entero-hepatitis or malignant œdema with this affection. The crucial diagnosis is based, as in other animals on the discovery of the characteristic bacillus. _Differential Diagnosis._ The suddenness of the attack, hyperthermia, dusky, cyanotic, petechiated mucosæ, the escape of blood from mucous surfaces, the dark, tarry blood, brightening imperfectly on exposure to the air, its comparatively loose coagulum, the crenation and destruction of red globules, the staining of the serum with hæmatoidin, the leucocytosis, the engorged, enlarged liver and spleen, and the gelatinoid or bloody swellings, not gasogenic as in blackquarter or malignant œdema, together present a picture which is strongly suggestive of anthrax. If the malady affects domestic animals generally, is especially virulent in cattle, sheep and horses, and attacks even man; if the district is subject to anthrax, or of a rich damp soil which would be favorable to the preservation of bacillus anthracis; if it is in the line of watershed from stock markets, abattoirs, tanneries, rendering works, glue factories, packing houses, sausage factories, or phosphate works; if forage or new stock has been introduced from an anthrax district; and if the outbreak has taken place with a high water level, or during a dry hot season the case for anthrax will be strengthened.