One must, however, exclude the possibility of septic bacteria, excluding or obscuring the bacillus anthracis, by taking the inoculating material from the blood of the living animal, or from the same or the tissues as shortly after death as possible. Fifteen hours may be altogether too late for inoculation. To exclude the anærobic bacteria of black quarter, malignant œdema and septic affections, make an emulsion of the suspected material in sterilized water, filter through a boiled cloth and inject a strong dose into the auricular vein of a rabbit. The anærobic bacteria perish in the blood and if anthrax bacilla are present they are found in pure cultures. In inoculating suspected water or infusion of forage the intravenous method should be adopted. Another resort is to make two artificial cultures, one in free air, and the other in an atmosphere of nitrogen or carbon dioxide. The bacillus anthracis develops in the first, the anærobes in the second. _Prognosis. Mortality._ Fulminant cases are uniformly fatal. _Acute intestinal_ cases are usually fatal in 70 to 90 per cent. of the subjects at the beginning of an outbreak. Toward the decline most cases may recover. In a herd of 200 head, at Avon, N. Y. in 1875, 40 fat bullocks died in two weeks, and 50 more showed a marked hyperthermia, yet under a change of pasture, and antiseptics, all but two of the latter recovered. As serving to identify the disease, three attendants suffered from malignant vesicle, but recovered. SUPPRESSION AND PREVENTION OF ANTHRAX IN HERDS. Less simple or easy than in plagues. Germ survives in soil and water. Extinction not always possible. Killing: conditions demanding it: when unwarranted. Kill without shedding blood, or opening carcass. Body burned: if buried, 5 feet deep, in porous soil, distant from wells, ponds, and rivers. Fence graves, burn grass. Disinfection of hides, litter, fodder, manure, excretions, stalls, etc.: of bodies that must be moved, of buildings, yards, utensils, etc. Isolation of unaffected on porous soil; surveillance. Sales interdicted. Milk, butter, cheese. Immunization: by toxins which stimulate leucocytes to form defensive products: antitoxins. Eosinophile cells, action of spleen, and liver. Mellituria. Protection by a minimum dose: by weakened virus—modes of lessening potency, Pasteur’s “vaccine”, its drawbacks and dangers, its technique; by soluble toxins in sterile solution, author’s experience, apparent failures, advantages. Drainage—Æration of land. Prevention of importation and diffusion. Therapeutic treatment.