Text book of veterinary medicine, Volume 4 (of 5)Law, James
Science
Text book of veterinary medicine, Volume 4 (of 5)
Law, James
Veterinary medicine
_General Symptoms._ In nearly all cases alike there is a marked
constitutional disturbance the temperature often rising at once to 104°
to 106° F., and oscillating on successive days between this and 102°;
the pulse is usually normal at first and the breathing is either
slightly accelerated or may be made so under slight exertion. There is
more or less dulness, or at least a lack of the vivacity of youth, the
head is somewhat pendent, the eyes may be semiclosed, the patient may be
tardy or even stiff in his movements and the appetite may be diminished
or capricious, oats being rejected by some and hay or grass by others.
The bowels are somewhat confined, the stools consisting of a few small,
hard, balls covered with mucus.
_Specific Symptoms in the Mild Form._ In the vast majority of cases the
local symptoms are concentrated on the mucosæ of nose and mouth, and the
submaxillary lymph glands. Along with the general febrile phenomena,
there appear redness and often mottled congestion of the nasal mucosa,
which not infrequently extends to the mouth and eyes, as well. Heat of
the mouth, the collection of a more or less tenacious mucus, and even
uneasy movements of the jaw may be seen. The nasal mucosa, at first dry,
is soon the seat of a watery exudation, passing into a cloudy sticky
material, and finally a thick, opaque, muco-purulent flow. This may
become colored of a variety of tints, dirty white from inhaled dust,
brownish or yellowish from exuded blood, or greenish from food
materials. The discharge is usually profuse in the young and may be
scanty in the old. Most commonly it flows from both nostrils alike,
though exceptionally it is unilateral. In this it differs from glanders
which is more often unilateral though at times bilateral. Small
abrasions and sores may appear in connection with the softening and
shedding of the epithelium, but these are not ragged, irregular and
spreading as in glanders. Sneezing or snorting is an inevitable symptom.
Epiphora is usually present. Exudations into the nasal sinuses are to be
recognized by heat of the forehead and flat sound on percussion.
Very early in the attack a swelling is noticed in the intermaxillary
space, which may be at first confined to the nodules of the lymph
glands, thus forming distinct, rounded, hard swellings, but they are
early covered by a diffuse exudation into the surrounding connective
tissue, that completely envelopes and obscures the form of the swollen
glands, and forms a more or less uniformly rounded, pasty swelling,
extending to the median line of the intermaxillary space, or filling the
whole space from one maxilla to the other and projecting downward below
their level. This early, diffuse, pasty, evenly rounded swelling, hot
and tender, is distinctive of strangles, and usually exclusive of
glanders.
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