We do assume, however, that events have an _order_, and that this order
is four-dimensional. We assume, that is to say, that we know what we
mean by saying that a certain event is nearer to another than to a
third, so that before making accurate measurements we can speak of the
“neighborhood” of an event; and we assume that, in order to assign the
position of an event in space-time, four quantities (co-ordinates) are
necessary—_e.g._ in our former case of an explosion on an airship,
latitude, longitude, altitude and time. But we assume nothing about the
way in which these co-ordinates are assigned, except that neighboring
co-ordinates are assigned to neighboring events.
The way in which these numbers, called co-ordinates, are to be assigned
is neither wholly arbitrary nor a result of careful measurement—it
lies in an intermediate region. While you are making any continuous
journey, your co-ordinates must never alter by sudden jumps. In America
one finds that the houses between (say) Fourteenth Street and Fifteenth
Street are likely to have numbers between 1400 and 1500, while those
between Fifteenth Street and Sixteenth Street have numbers between
1500 and 1600, even if the 1400’s were not used up. This would not do
for our purposes, because there is a sudden jump when we pass from one
block to the next. Or again we might assign the time co-ordinate in the
following way: take the time that elapses between two successive births
of people called Smith; an event occurring between the births of the
3000th and the 3001st Smith known to history shall have a co-ordinate
lying between 3000 and 3001; the fractional part of its co-ordinate
shall be the fraction of a year that has elapsed since the birth of the
3000th Smith. (Obviously there could never be as much as a year between
two successive additions to the Smith family.) This way of assigning
the time co-ordinate is perfectly definite, but it is not admissible
for our purposes, because there will be sudden jumps between events
just before the birth of a Smith and events just after, so that in a
continuous journey your time co-ordinate will not change continuously.
It is assumed that, independently of measurement, we know what a
continuous journey is. And when your position in space-time changes
continuously, each of your four co-ordinates must change continuously.
One, two, or three of them may not change at all; but whatever change
does occur must be smooth, without sudden jumps. This explains what is
_not_ allowable in assigning co-ordinates.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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