In Einstein’s world, light travels round the whole universe in a time
which is supposed to be something like a thousand million years. The
odd thing is that all the rays of light which start (say) from the sun
will meet again, after their enormous journey, in the place where the
sun was when they started. The case is exactly analogous to that of a
number of travelers who set out from London to go round the world in
great circles, all traveling at the same rate in different aeroplanes.
One starts due north, passes the North Pole, then the South Pole, and
finally comes home. Another starts due south, reaches the South Pole
first and then the North Pole. Another starts westward, but he must not
continue to travel due west, because then he would not be traveling on
a great circle. Another starts eastward, and so on. They all meet in
the antipodes of London, and then they all meet again in London. Now
if instead of aeronauts going round the earth you take rays of light
going round the universe, the same sort of thing happens: they all meet
first at the antipodes of their starting point, and then meet again at
their starting point. That means to say that a person who is near the
antipodes of the place where the sun was about five hundred million
years ago will see what is apparently a body as bright as the sun then
was (except for the small amount of light that has been stopped on the
way by opaque bodies), and having the same shape and size. And a person
who is near where the sun was a thousand million years ago will see
what is apparently a body just like what the sun was a thousand million
years ago. And the same applies to the antipodes of the sun fifteen
hundred million years ago, and to the place of the sun two thousand
million years ago, and so on. This series only ends when it carries us
back to a time before the sun existed.
But all these suns are only ghosts; that is to say, you could pass
through them without experiencing resistance, and they do not exert
gravitation. They are, in fact, like images in a mirror: they exist
only for the sense of sight, not for any other sense. It is rather
disturbing to reflect that, if this theory is true, any number of the
objects we see in the heavens may be merely ghosts. They are like
ghosts in their habit of revisiting the scenes of their past life.
Suppose a star had exploded at a certain place, as stars sometimes
will. Every thousand million years its ghost would return to the scene
of the disaster and explode again in the same place. There is, however,
considerable doubt whether rays of light could perform the journey with
sufficient accuracy to produce a clear image. Some would be stopped by
matter on the way, some would be turned out of the straight course by
passing near heavy bodies, as in the eclipse observations described in
Chapter IX, and for one reason or another their return would not be
punctual and exact.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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