It has been customary for people to draw arguments from the laws of
nature as to what we ought to do. Such arguments seem to me a mistake:
to imitate nature may be merely slavish. But if nature, as portrayed by
Einstein, is to be our model, it would seem that the anarchists will
have the best of the argument. The physical universe is orderly, not
because there is a central government, but because every body minds
its own business. No two particles of matter ever come into contact;
when they get too close, they both move off. If a man were had up
for knocking another man down, he would be scientifically correct in
pleading that he had never touched him. What happened was that there
was a hill in space-time in the region of the other man’s nose, and it
fell down the hill.
The abolition of “force” seems to be connected with the substitution
of sight for touch as the source of physical ideas, as explained in
Chapter I. When an image in a looking glass moves, we do not think that
something has pushed it. In places where there are two large mirrors
opposite to each other, you may see innumerable reflections of the
same object. Suppose a gentleman in a top-hat is standing between the
mirrors, there may be twenty or thirty top-hats in the reflections.
Suppose now somebody comes and knocks off the gentleman’s hat with a
stick: all the other twenty or thirty top-hats will tumble down at the
same moment. We think that a force is needed to knock off the “real”
top-hat, but we think the remaining twenty or thirty tumble off, so to
speak, of themselves, or out of a mere passion for imitation. Let us
try to think out this matter a little more seriously.
Obviously something happens when an image in a looking glass moves.
From the point of view of sight, the event seems just as real as if it
were not in a mirror. But nothing has happened from the point of view
of touch or hearing. When the “real” top-hat falls, it makes a noise;
the twenty or thirty reflections fall without a sound. If it falls on
your toe, you feel it; but we believe that the twenty or thirty people
in the mirrors feel nothing, though top-hats fall on their toes too.
But all this is equally true of the astronomical world. It makes no
noise, because sound cannot travel across a vacuum. So far as we know,
it causes no “feelings,” because there is no one on the spot to “feel”
it. The astronomical world, therefore, seems hardly more “real” or
“solid” than the world in the looking glass, and has just as little
need of “force” to make it move.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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