The Aboriginal Population of Alameda and Contra Costa Counties, CaliforniaCook, Sherburne Friend
History
The Aboriginal Population of Alameda and Contra Costa Counties, California
Cook, Sherburne Friend
Indians of North America -- California; Indians of North America -- Statistics
The Indians under Raymundo el Californio returned, completely
dispersed because the winds and high waves swamped many of
them. Since they did not tell the same story, he [Arguello]
questioned Raymundo, who declared: having reached the other
shore he found in three rancherias of the Cuchillones several
Christians, men, women and children. On retreating to the beach
with them, he was attacked by the other Indians of the place,
but he succeeded in embarking in the boats without their having
started a battle. Two of his group who had lagged behind were
pursued by the Indians and were forced to jump into the water.
Soon they were rescued by a boat, one of them having received a
spear wound in the head, but of little severity. While they [the
whole party] were all retiring, a storm came up which dispersed
them widely. When they tried to follow Raymundo, they were twice
forced back to the territory of the Cuchillones. Seeing that
their boats were being broken up and thinking themselves lost,
they abandoned the boats and went by land, without leaving the
edge of the beach until they arrived opposite San Francisco,
where they came upon a rancheria of heathen, named Santa Anna.
The inhabitants made them welcome and furnished them with tules
from their own houses, with which they constructed other boats
and crossed to this shore.
The expedition sailed across, apparently to the region of Richmond or
San Pablo. Later, the fugitives followed the beach to the vicinity of
Oakland and San Leandro. The existence of a rancheria of heathen,
bearing the name of Santa Anna, is peculiar. The name was familiarly
applied without church sanction, or it was a village containing
Christian converts rather than heathen. In either event, complete
absorption of the natives into the Spanish Colonial system as far north
as Oakland is implied. Also noteworthy is the casual manner in which the
Mission Indians crossed and recrossed the Bay at its widest point in
tule rafts.
PEDRO AMADOR'S EXPEDITIONS
On July 8, Sergeant Pedro Amador reported from San José to the Governor
(Bancroft Trans., Prov. St. Pap., XV: 371-373) that two heathen, or
wild, Indians were trying to stir up a revolt among the Christians of
San José. "These two Gentiles are from the rancherias of the Sacalanes,
from those which committed the offenses against the Christians of San
Francisco. All of them are neighbors of those of the valley of San José
in that part of the shore opposite San Francisco." Since the Valley of
San José was the valley of upper Alameda Creek, extending from Sunol to
above Pleasanton, this statement tends to place the Sacalanes in the
general area west of Livermore and in the hills to the northward.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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