The Aboriginal Population of the San Joaquin Valley, CaliforniaCook, Sherburne Friend
History
The Aboriginal Population of the San Joaquin Valley, California
Cook, Sherburne Friend
Indians of North America -- California -- San Joaquin Valley; San Joaquin Valley (Calif.) -- Population
The village method is very unsatisfactory. Kroeber says substantially
nothing on this score and Merriam, although he lists 19 villages for
the North Fork Mono, gives no more than one or two or, at the most,
half-a-dozen names for each of the other groups. Tribal distinctions
are also very confusing. Kroeber in the Handbook mentions 6 Mono
subtribes: North Fork group, Posgisa, Holkoma, Wobonuch, Waksachi, and
Balwisha. Merriam subdivides to a much greater extent. His grouping may
be expressed essentially as follows:
1. Pogesas equivalent to Kroeber's Posgisa
2. Nim synonymous with the North Fork subtribe
3. Kwetah included in Kroeber's Holkoma
4. Kokoheba included in Kroeber's Holkoma
5. Holkoma included in Kroeber's Holkoma
6. Towincheba included in Kroeber's Holkoma
7. Toinetche included in Kroeber's Holkoma
8. Tsooeawatah included in Kroeber's Holkoma
9. Emtimbitch classed by Kroeber as a Yokuts tribe
10. Woponuch equivalent to Kroeber's Wobonuch
11. Wuksatche equivalent to Kroeber's Waksachi
12. Padoosha equivalent to Kroeber's Balwisha
Nos. 5 to 8 inclusive are consolidated by Merriam as smaller
groups within a main group or subtribe called the
Toohookmutch. Concerning these Merriam says: "Large tribe on
King's River. On both sides but largest area on north side.
Contains many rancheria bands."
Using Merriam's nomenclature, the Nim are generally conceded to have
been the largest single subtribe. For this we may take as a working
base line the previous estimate of 440 persons and Merriam's list of 19
villages. Elsewhere Merriam mentions the names of the following:
Toinetche 3 villages, Holkoma 4, Woponuch 9, Emtimbitch 2, Waksache 1,
Kokoheba 1, and Toohookmutch 10. The total is 30. By direct proportion
the inhabitants should have numbered 695 but this would leave five of
Merriam's groups with no population at all. If we consider that the
Toohookmutch complex plus the Kokoheba and Kwetah are the equivalent of
Kroeber's Holkoma we find 18 villages, which implies 416 people.
Merriam cites 9 villages or, at the same ratio, 208 persons for the
Wobonuch. The total for these three of Kroeber's subtribes would then
be 1,064. If we guess that the remaining groups contained 500 persons,
the figure for the Mono in 1850 would reach the vicinity of 1,600.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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