The accomplishment ratio : $b A treatment of the inherited determinants of disparity in school productFranzen, Raymond
Science
The accomplishment ratio : $b A treatment of the inherited determinants of disparity in school product
Franzen, Raymond
Ability -- Testing; Educational psychology; Educational tests and measurements
NOTE—Totals without Grade III are much higher than these (Table 5).
Grade III has many children in it who have not been long enough in an
academic situation to allow their SQ’s to go as high as they may.
It is proper to note here that not much can be expected from Grades III
and VIII and from totals including Grade III, since children in Grade III
have not been there long enough to be pushed, and children in Grade VIII
have been pushed beyond the limits which the tests used will register.
Our logic is one of _pushed_ correlations. If the association of IQ and
the SQ’s is what we are attempting to establish, it is necessary to show:
1. That the _r_ comes near unity;
2. That the central tendencies come near coincidence;
3. That the S.D.’s come near coincidence.
The value of the _r_ is obvious; the value of coincidence of means
becomes clearer if we think of Σ(IQ-EQ)⁄_n_, the average difference of
potential rate of progress and actual rate of progress. This average of
differences is the same as the difference of the averages, which is more
readily calculated. Obviously, if we wish to use an AccR, it is necessary
to show more than correspondence when differences in average and
spread are equated as they are by the correlation coefficient. Besides,
coincidence of M’s, correspondence of S.D.’s is also necessary since a
correlation might be positive unity, the M’s might be equal, and still
the spread of one measure might be more than the spread of the other. If
the spreads are the same and the M’s are the same, and the correlation is
positive unity, each _x_ must equal its corresponding _y_. Then _b_₁₂ =
_b_₂₁ = 1.00; and the M’s being equal, the deviations are from the same
point. Therefore, we will attempt to measure similarity of M’s and S.D.’s
as well as _r_.
It will be observed that both Tables 7 and 8 give evidence of each
of these tendencies in all grades. In Table 8 marked progress in
arithmetic is apparent. This is due to re-classification in terms of
the Woody-McCall test, which was not done in 1918-1919. In 1918-1919
no arithmetic test was given and all re-classification was in terms
of reading, being done on the basis of both reading tests. Spelling
re-classification was done each year, but the data were not treated in
this manner. It can be said that wherever re-classification in terms of
intelligence and pedagogical need was undertaken the desired result of
pushing the SQ’s up to IQ was hastened. Of all the remedial procedure,
such as changing teachers and time allotment and books and method,
all of which were employed to some extent, it is my opinion that the
re-classification was more important than everything else combined.
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