For those who might care to study them, Lilienthal had written papers
and essays as explanations of his work, and when the news of his death
was flashed round the world, inventors were induced to turn to these
teachings and read for themselves what he had done. Among those who were
interested were two young Americans, unknown then, but now
world-famous--Wilbur and Orville Wright. Living in Dayton, Ohio, they
were the sons of Milton Wright, a prominent church worker of that city,
and they carried on a bicycle store and engineer’s shop. Both were born
engineers--keen, clever, patient, and enthusiastic in their work; and
they had discussed many times--before they read of Lilienthal’s
death--the problem of building an aeroplane. Now this interest was
re-awakened; and as Wilbur Wright himself said:
“The brief notice of his (Lilienthal’s) death which appeared in
the telegraphic news at that time, aroused a passive interest
which had existed from my childhood, and led me to take down from
the shelves of our home library a book on “Animal Mechanism” by
Professor Marey, which I had already read several times. From this
I was led to read more modern works, and as my brother soon became
equally interested with myself, we passed from the reading to the
thinking, and finally to the working stage.”
What the Wrights first set themselves to do was to investigate previous
data. They wanted to prove, if they could, whether this data was sound
or badly reasoned: they needed a firm and definite basis of their own
before they would build any large machine. So they tested the theories
of their predecessors and made experiments, particularly as to the
sustaining power of surfaces of various shapes and curves. To this end
they built and flew kites, studying the lift they exercised; then they
decided to build a light gliding machine, such as Lilienthal had used.
But there was a drawback to be faced in all such practical work, and the
Wrights saw it clearly; this was to get a sufficient amount of actual
flying. It was Wilbur who wrote:
“It seemed to us that the main reason why the problem had remained
so long unsolved was that no one had been able to obtain any
adequate practice. It would not be considered at all safe for a
bicycle rider to attempt to ride through a crowded city street
after only five hours’ practice, spread out in bits of 10 seconds
each over a period of five years; yet Lilienthal, with this brief
practice, was remarkably successful in meeting the fluctuations
and eddies of the wind gusts.”
They made up their minds to build a glider with ample wing-surface, so
that it would be sustained in light breezes, and to take the machine to
where they might be sure of a steady wind, and there fly it as a kite;
allow it, that is to say, to ascend into the air at the end of a rope,
and hold it steady against the wind while the operator practised his
balancing movements.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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