To glance at the century as a whole does not fall within my province, but I may be permitted to observe that in the course of it science and invention made rapid strides; that under the inspiring sway of Handel the power of music was felt as it was never felt before; that in the latter half of the period the Novel, destined to be one of the noblest fruits of our imaginative literature, attained a robust life in the hands of Richardson, Fielding, and Smollett; and that, with Reynolds and Gainsborough, with Romney and Wilson, a glorious school of landscape and portrait painters arose, which is still the pride of England. It will be remembered, too, that many of the great charitable institutions which make our own age illustrious, had their birth in the last. The military genius of England was displayed in Marlborough and in Clive, her mercy in John Howard, her spirit of enterprise in Cook, her self-sacrifice in Wesley and Whitefield, her statesmanship in Walpole, in Chatham, and in William Pitt. In oratory as everyone knows, the eighteenth century was surpassingly great, and never before or since has the country produced a political philosopher of the calibre of Burke. What England reaped in literature during the period of which Pope has been selected as the most striking figure, it will be my endeavour to show in the course of these pages. FOOTNOTES: [1] M. Sainte-Beuve, the greatest of French critics, frankly acknowledges his indebtedness to Boileau, whom he styles Louis the Fourteenth's 'Contrôleur Général du Parnasse.' 'S'il m'est permis de parler pour moi-même,' he writes, 'Boileau est un des hommes qui m'ont le plus occupé depuis que je fais de la critique, et avec qui j'ai le plus vécu en idée.'--_Causeries du Lundi_, tome sixième, p. 495. [2] Lecky's _England_, vol. i. p. 373. [3] The epithet is used in the Preface to the First Edition of Waller's _Posthumous Poems_, which Mr. Gosse believes was written by Atterbury, and he considers that this is the original occurrence of the phrase.--_From Shakespeare to Pope_, p. 248. [4] Messrs. Besant and Rice's novel, _The Chaplain of the Fleet_, gives a vivid picture of the life led in the Fleet, and also of the period. [5] _Life and Correspondence of Mrs. Delany_, vol. ii. p. 55. [6] Lecky's _England_, vol. i. p. 479. [7] Shaftesbury's _Characteristics_, vol. i. p. 270. [8] _Spectator_, No. 126. [9] Lecky's _England_, vol. i. p. 522. [10] According to Hallam the thirty years which followed the Treaty of Utrecht 'was the most prosperous season that England had ever experienced.'--_Const. Hist._ ii. 464. PART I. THE POETS. CHAPTER I. ALEXANDER POPE.