Jerusalem, under Omar, 55; fall of, 63; captured by Chosroes, 66; by crusaders, 125 sq.; under Saladin, 192; acquisition by Frederick, 319; carnage under Carismians, 326, 327. Jews, persecution of, 204. Joanna, sister to Richard I., 222, 227. John, Cardinal, 247. John, King of England, 232, 233; fifth crusade, 302. John VIII., 56. John X., 57. John Baliol, 363. John Comnenus, 152. John Eleemon, 157. John of Brienne, 297, 298, 307, 310, 311, 318, 320, 322. Joinville, Prince de, 335, 336, 338, 344, 347, 348, 350, 353-355, 358. Josselin II., 155. Josselin de Courtenay, 147, 150, 154. Kanabos, Nicholas, 282. Kerbogha, 109, 112, 115, 116; routed, 117; revenge, 140. Khalil, 367. Kilidge-Arslan, 81, 91, 94, 97; routed, 117; revenge, 139; third crusade, 212. Koran. See Mohammed. Koutouz, 362. La Marche, 331. Lance, Holy, 114 sq. Lanfranc, 7. Lascaris, 275, 322. Lateran Councils. See Councils. Leo IX., 46. Leopold of Austria, 227, 232 sq. Liegnitz, battle of, 325. Litz, Martin, 288. Longchamp, 220, 232. Longsword, William, 342, 345, 346. Lothaire, 164. Louis, St. See Louis IX. Louis, St., laws of, 34, 35. Louis IV. (the Fat), 36, 161. Louis VI., 33. Louis VII., 164, 166, 167; rupture with Eleanor, 173; at Jerusalem, 173; Damascus, 174; return, 176; divorce, 198. Louis VIII., 330. Louis IX., 330; character, 331 sq.; seventh crusade, 333, 335 sq.; valor, 339, 346, 349; illness, 348, 350; overtures to sultan, 348; prisoner, 350 sq.; liberation, 353 sq.; treaty with sultan, 358; broken, 358; grief at death of Blanche, 359; return, 359, 360; eighth crusade, 363 sq.; death, 365, 366; revolt against Rome, 375. Louis of Chartres and Blois, 255. Lucius III., letter to Henry II., 186. Ludwig, Landgrave of Thuringia, 316. Lydda, 123. Lyons, Council of, 329. Maarah, 121. Mad Hakem, 57, 68. Magna Charta, 377. Malek-Ahdel, 192, 227, 236, 238, 240; treaty with Dandolo, 262, 280; renewal of truce, 297; policy, 304; death, 306. Malek-Kamel, 308, 309, 316, 318, 320. Malek-Shah, 62, 63. Mamelukes, 361 sq. Mansourah, 310, 343, 344 sq. Manuel, 168, 170, 179. Manzikert, battle of, 62. Marco Polo, 378. Margaret of Hungary, 237, 241. Margarit, Admiral, 214. Marguerite, wife of Louis IX., 330, 335, 339, 341, 351, 353, 354, 359. Maria, daughter of Manuel, 259. Maria, widow of Isaac, 292. Maria of Constantinople, 246. Mariolatry, 53. Marozia, 44. Martin Litz, 288. Mary, daughter of Isabella, 297, 298, 314. Matilda, Countess, 8; gift to Papacy, 372. Matilda, wife of William the Conqueror, 21, 199. Matthew Paris, reference to Tartars, 325; to Blanche of Castile, 330; to Henry III., 357. Melisende, 152, 173. Melun, Count of, 113. Merlin, prediction of, 202. Merseburg, crusading army at, 80. Michael, Emperor, 63.