Michaud, criticised, 3. Michelet, quoted, 161. Milman, quoted, 4, 132. Milo de Plausy, 182. Moguls, 324. Mohammed, 51 sq. Mohammed, Sultan of Carismia, 324. Mohammed II., 275, 380. Mohammedanism, 51 sq. Montferrat, Marquis of, 184, 214. Mortmain, Statute of, 375. Mourtzouphlos, 282, 283, 285, 294. Nahr Falik, 225. Nazareth, destroyed by Bibars, 363. Negmeddin, 338, 343. Nicæa, fall of, 91 sq. Nicephorus, 25. Nicetas, quoted, 212, 270, 271, 273, 285-287. Nichita, Bulgarian prince, 79. Nicholas, boy, 299. Nicholas IV., 367. Nicholas Kanabos, 282. Nicholas Roux, 271. Nisch, Peter’s army at, 79. Norgate, quoted, 200. Nourredin, 155, 175; character, 178; magnanimity, 179; supreme, 181; death, 182. Octai, 324. Odoacer, 242. Oleron, Laws of, 379. Oliver, 20. Omar, 55. Ortuk, 73. Othello, Shakespeare’s, 59. Othman, 70. Otho, contest with Philip of Swabia, 298, 302. Otho the Great, 34. Oxford, University of, 378. Padua, University of, 378. Palazzo Vecchio, 377. Papacy, effect of crusades on, 161 sq., 371 sq. Paris, University of, 378. Parliament, English, 377. Paschal II., 23; sanctions Hospitallers, 157, 162. Paula, companion of Jerome, 66. Paulinus, 66. Pears, Edward, quoted, 295. Pelagius, Cardinal, 307, 309-311. Pelusium, captured, 180. Pembroke, Earl of, 363. Peter Barthelemi, 114, 118; Ordeal, 119. Peter Capuano, 262. Peter the Hermit, not solely responsible for crusades, 3; career, 71 sq.; meets chieftains, 91; desertion, 105; messenger to Kerbogha, 115; before Jerusalem, 129; end of career, 138. Petrarch, 377. Pharamella the Moor, 196. Philip, son of Louis IX., 365. Philip I., 148, 152. Philip Augustus, 199, 201; third crusade, 207 sq., 219 sq.; anger at Richard, 222; declares for Conrad, 223; jealousies, 223; returns, 225; plots, 232, 233, 237; fifth crusade, 302. Philip of Swabia, 258, 261; message to Zara, 266; contest with Otho, 298; emperorship, 292. Philip the Fair, 375. Phirous, 108, 109, 111. Piacenza, Synod of, 74. Pilgrimages, 64 sq. Pisano, 377. Poitiers, Count of, 343, 355. Portugal, King of, 363. Pragmatic Sanction, 375. Ptolemaïs. See Acre. Ptolemaïs, emir of, 123. Ramleh, 123; capture of, 146. Raymond d’Agiles, 133. Raymond de Puy, 157. Raymond of Poitiers, 172. Raymond of Toulouse, 22, 83; expedition, 87; at Dorylæum, 97; Antioch, 106; defiance of Bohemond, 108; straits at Antioch, 113; quarrels with Bohemond, 120, 121; attacks Maarah, 121; besieges Arkas, 122; Jerusalem, 130, 131; clemency, 133; plots, 135; sulks, 136; at Ascalon, 137; claims Ascalon, 137; quarrel with Godfrey, 138; after first crusade, 139; flight, 140; submission to Pope, 142; death, 148. Raymond of Tripoli, 182, 183, 187, 189. Redowan, 121. Renaud of Carac, 183, 189, 190.