Transcriber's Note: This e-text also includes characters that will only display in UTF-8 (Unicode) text readers. If any of these characters do not display properly, or if the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8). You may also need to change the default font. In Appendix II, there are a number of letters (m, n, u, v, r, t) that are printed with a backward curl, usually at the end of a word, but sometimes in mid-word. These are rendered here as: m -> 'ᶆ', n -> 'ɳ', u -> 'ư', t -> 'ȶ', r -> 'ɽ' v -> 'ⱱ' These forms are intended to provide a visual indication of a letter's form, from the available set of unicode characters, but are not intended to convey phonetic value. The letter 'p' appears with a curl that crosses the lower bar, which is rendered here as 'ᵱ'. A doubled 'l' with a tilde across the middle is rendered as 'l̴l'. The same Appendix uses superscript characters freely as abbreviation, which have been denoted by { } brackets: e.g., "Ma{ties}" BURT FRANKLIN RESEARCH & SOURCE WORKS SERIES # 13 THE AGRARIAN PROBLEM IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY THE AGRARIAN PROBLEM IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY BY R.H. TAWNEY "_And if the whole people be landlords, or hold the Lands so divided among them, that no one Man, or number of Men, within the Compass of the Few or Aristocracy, overbalance them, the Empire (without the interposition of force) is a Commonwealth._"--HARRINGTON, _Oceana_. _WITH 6 MAPS_ BURT FRANKLIN RESEARCH & SOURCE WORKS SERIES # 13 [Illustration] BURT FRANKLIN New York 25, N.Y. _Published by_ BURT FRANKLIN 514 West 113th Street New York 25, N.Y. ORIGINALLY PUBLISHED IN LONDON--1912 _Printed in U.S.A. by_ SENTRY PRESS, INC. New York 19, N.Y. TO WILLIAM TEMPLE and ALBERT MANSBRIDGE PRESIDENT AND SECRETARY OF THE WORKERS' EDUCATIONAL ASSOCIATION PREFACE