The Almond in CaliforniaTaylor, R. H. (Ralph Hawley)
Science
The Almond in California
Taylor, R. H. (Ralph Hawley)
Almond -- California
The equipment consists of a No. 0 Sturtevant exhaust fan belted
to a 1 h.p. motor. The nuts are fed into the suction side of
the fan where they are picked up by the runner, hurled against
the casing of the fan and blown out of the discharge into a box.
The motor consumes three-tenths kilowatts when almonds are
fed into the fan at the rate of a lug box every minutes and
one-half, so that the power cost, even at the 8-cent lighting
rate, is only 2.4 cents per hour. The fan costs about $20,
while the regular commercial hullers run as high as $750.
Further inquiry from Mr. Sedgwick developed the fact that this huller has
operated for three seasons on a 20-acre almond orchard. Peerless, Drake
and I.X.L. almonds were all hulled successfully. Nonpareils have not
as yet been tried. The speed most commonly used was about 1200 r.p.m.,
though it varied somewhat with the different varieties. He believes that
a larger size would do better work.
The efficiency of any of the above hullers depends largely upon the speed
of the machine and upon the condition of the almonds in the hulls. If
the machine runs too fast the almonds will be broken and injured, and if
it runs too slowly many of the almonds are not hulled. If the almonds
are allowed to hang on the trees too long, or if allowed to lie around
too long after being harvested, the hulls become dry and leathery and
the difficulty of hulling is greatly increased. Dipping in water in such
cases may help to overcome this difficulty to a limited extent.
The papershell varieties, notably the Nonpareil, are much more difficult
to hull without breaking the shells than are the harder shelled
varieties. The Nonpareil hull has a tendency to close around the nut on
drying, making hulling under such circumstances very difficult.
Often when the moisture supply in the soil is exhausted before the nuts
are ripe, or where the loss of leaf surface due to mites is serious
prior to ripening, the hulls open only slightly or not at all, but dry
onto the shell of the nut. Such “sticktights” can only be disposed of
profitably by allowing them to thoroughly dry, when they are cracked and
sold as kernels.
After the hulling operation all almonds must be gone over by hand to
remove pieces of hulls and inferior or gummy nuts. Where canvas drapers
are not available for sorting directly from the huller, the nuts are
piled in hoppers and sorted on benches beneath them.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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