The Mayan family, irrespective of sex and age, all slept in that portion
of the hut that was set aside as a sleeping apartment. They slept on
beds of rushes loosely strewn or woven into mats. The hammock was
unknown in Yucatan until the arrival of the Spaniards. It is a very
common mistake to believe that the hammock was indigenous to Yucatan.
Columbus is the first to mention the hammock, and he found it among the
West Indians. It is said to have originated in San Domingo; but whether
this is so or not, it is quite certain that the Mayans did not sleep in
hammocks until the Spaniards introduced the custom. These Mayan rush
beds were sometimes raised from the ground on a sort of rough table made
of sticks bound together and supported on four legs. In the poorer huts
this is quite a common form of bedstead to-day. As bed-clothes they had
cloaks of cotton of varying degrees of thickness according to the wealth
of the family.
The farm lands belonging to the city were cultivated by the people in
common. A special portion of these public lands was set apart each year
for the support of the cacique and his family, and it was his subjects'
duty to cultivate and reap his crops and carry the harvest to his
granaries. A like apportionment of land was made to the highest nobles
and functionaries of the State. Hunting grounds were also allotted to
the cacique and his chief nobles, and anybody trespassing on these was
punished. The Mayans were great hunters, going out in large parties into
the woods after attending at the temple and praying for good sport from
the gods of the woodland. The quarry were the several birds of the
pheasant family which haunt the Yucatecan woods, the marvellously
beautiful ocellated turkey and other members of the gallinaceous family,
deer, rabbits, the wild pig and, last but not least, the jaguar. A tithe
of the "bag" was presented to the caciques. Of fisheries, where
available, the cacique and his nobles also got the pick. Fish were
abundant, as they are to-day, along the whole coast of the Peninsula,
and the Mayans caught them with nets or, when the water was low, by
shooting them with arrows. The fish were dried in the sun, and thus kept
for many days, and carried twenty or thirty leagues into the interior.
The Mayans also hunted the shark, manatee, and the turtle. The manatee
they hunted with harpoons, wading out into the estuaries and following
it when wounded in their canoes. It was valued for the sake of its fat
as well as its flesh. Before starting out to fish they made supplication
for good luck in one of the temples which it was the custom to build for
this purpose on the beach. Those caciques who held territories on the
coast obtained salt from the saline lagoons, which are found in many
places on the coast of Yucatan. At the end of the dry season, when these
marshes were nearly waterless and it was possible to cross them on foot,
expeditions were made for the collection of the salt which formed a
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