A curious corroboration of this is to be found in the existence of a
tribe known as the Huastecas, who form a colony around the Panuco River
in the east of Mexico, and on the adjoining coast of the Gulf. Every
ethnologist agrees that these people are pure Mayans; but the puzzle has
been to explain their presence in Mexico, where to-day there are no
other pure Mayans. The usual explanation is that they represent a
solitary migration from Yucatan. Is this at all likely? Is it possible
to believe that a mere handful of emigrants could have succeeded in
making a lodgment on the Mexican coast in the face of the certain
opposition they would have met with from the militant Aztecs? It would
have been almost an impossibility; nor does the piece of country held by
the Huastecas possess any of those features which might be expected to
attract immigrants. It seems to us far more likely that these Huastecas
represent a remnant of the original inhabitants of Mexico expelled by
the Aztecs; that while the bulk fled southward, a small band moved
eastward unnoticed, and established themselves on the Panuco River, the
Aztecs being too occupied with their conquests in the south to trouble
much about them. Thus with some years to consolidate their position,
they either remained unmolested or were actually able to hold their own
against the Aztecs till the Conquest. This seems a far more reasonable
explanation of the presence of these undoubted Mayans in the east of
Mexico.
As the Aztecs pushed their way into the north of Mexico, the vast
majority of peaceful Mayans, no match for the warlike strangers, fled
naturally south, save these few Huastecas, who, going eastward, were
either strong enough to repulse their foes or took refuge in lands which
did not attract the Aztecs so much as the rich valleys of Central
Mexico; and thus formed a permanent settlement on the east coast, while
their kinsfolk joined the Mayan populations of Yucatan and Guatemala.
But when you have assumed that the Toltecs were Mayans, you are still
confronted by an ethnological problem. It has proved curiously difficult
to classify the Mayans among the other peoples of America. The Aztecs
are satisfactorily accounted for as Shoshonees, a tribe of the
Athapascans; and some ethnologists have tried to prove that the Mayans
are also of the same stock. These efforts have proved futile. All
available evidence is against such a conclusion. Physically the two
peoples are quite separate, even to-day. The most casual observer,
travelling in the two countries of Mexico and Yucatan, must be struck,
as were we, by the marked distinction in features and general physique
between the two. But a still more cogent proof of their separation is
afforded by a study of the two languages. They are quite different in
structure, vocabulary and everything.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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