For this view there would seem little real evidence. The so-called
elephant figures dug up during the excavation of mounds in Wisconsin and
Iowa in 1880, although declared by their finders to be miniature
representations of elephants, have no tusks and are far more like the
tapir of Central America. This is the American animal nearest
approaching in form the elephant of Asia. That the tapir was worshipped
by the Mayans there is no doubt: ample proof exists. It is certainly
possible enough that this was an indigenous cult, and cannot be held to
be reminiscent of an earlier worship of the elephant. What would seem to
militate against such an explanation is the nature of the tapir.
Animal-worship undoubtedly arose in the majority of cases from one of
two motives: fear or gratitude for utility. The former motive is
illustrated in the adoration of the larger carnivora; while the worship
of the whale, the horse, and the cow are examples of the latter. But the
tapir is neither feared (he is very shy, has no tusks or other means of
offence, and lives entirely in the swampy woods, never willingly meeting
man); nor is he of the least use, though it is possible his flesh has on
occasions been eaten. With this, we will finally leave the elephant-cult
question, with the suggestion that the tapir being the nearest approach
to the elephant in the New World, may have been adopted as its successor
by the invaders and afterwards became a deity of the Mayans.
Now let us see what are the parallels between Buddhism and the Mayan
religion, whether in legend, doctrine, or ritual.
The Buddhist priests lived during certain parts of the year in
monasteries. They had no food but what they received from the people;
were not allowed to marry; fasted on certain days; and spent their time
in meditation, writing up their religious records, and teaching the
people. This is almost the precise life led by the Mayan priests. They
lived apart from the people in separate houses, and, most noteworthy of
all, Acosta in his _Historia de los Indios_ says that they lived
entirely by begging, or rather from the voluntary contributions of the
people.
Of the Buddhist monks, Sir Monier Williams in his _Buddhism_, p. 312,
describing their daily life, writes: "Arranging themselves in line, they
set out with the abbot at their head to receive their food. Silently
they move on through the streets, fixing their eyes steadily on the
ground six feet before them, meditating on the vanity and mutability of
things, and only halting when a layman emerges from some door to pour
his contribution of rice or fruit or vegetable into their alms bowls."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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