HISTORY OF FRANCE.――Clovis, A. D. 486; division of his Empire――The Merovingian Kings――The Carlovingians――Pepin―― Charles Martel――Charlemagne; his Empire――Louis――Division of the Empire――Charles――Arnulf――Charles the Simple――Invasion of the Normans――Hugh Capet and his Successors――Philip VI of Valois――Wars with England, 1328-1415――Charles VI――Maid of Orleans――Louis XI――Francis II――France during the War of Religion――Persecution of the Huguenots――Coligni――The Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 1572――Henry III――Henry IV――Edict of Nantes――The Age of Louis XIV――Richelieu and Mazarin―― Persecution of the Calvinists――Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, 1685――The Last Days of Absolute Monarchy――Louis XV――Louis XVI――The French Revolution――National Assembly―― Mirabeau, Dante, Marat, Robespierre――The 10th of August―― Dethronement of the King――National Convention――Trial and Execution of the King――Jacobins and Girondists――Exclusion of the Girondists from the Convention――Execution of the Queen, Madame Elizabeth, and the Duke of Orleans――La Vendee――Fall of Danton and Camille Desmoulins――Overthrow of Robespierre and the Jacobins――Reconstruction of the Government――Napoleon Bonaparte――Italian Campaign――Expedition to Egypt and Syria―― Return to France――The First Consulate――Consul for Life――Duke d’Enghein――Napoleon Emperor――Austrian Campaign――Russians―― Battle of Austerlitz――Confederation of the Rhine――War with Prussia――Alliance of Prussia and Russia――Victory at Friedland―― Peace of Tilsit――Occupation of Portugal――Spain――Annexation of the Roman States and imprisonment of the Pope――New war with Austria――Peace of Vienna――Marriage with Maria Louisa――Russian Campaign――Conflagration of Moscow――Retreat of the French―― Alliance of Russia, Prussia, etc.――Congress of Prague――Austria―― Battle of Leipsic――Retreat of the French――Invasion of France by the Allies――Abdication of Napoleon――Louis XVIII――Escape of Napoleon from Elba――Defeat at Waterloo――Death at St. Helena―― Louis XVIII――Charles X――Abdication――Louis Philippe――Revolution―― Louis Napoleon――War with Russia and alliance with England and Turkey 256-302 HISTORY OF SPAIN.――Gothic Monarchy――The Moors――Castile――Henry IV―― Ferdinand and Isabella――Conquest of Grenada――Christopher Columbus――Discovery of America――Charles V――Hernando Cortez―― Conquest of Mexico――Francis Pizarro――Conquest of Peru――Ignatius Loyola――Philip II――War with England――Defeat of the Invincible Armada――Philip III――Banishment of the descendants of the Moors―― Philip IV――Accession of the House of Bourbon――Charles III――The Seven Years’ War――Charles IV――Ferdinand――Joseph Bonaparte―― Alliance of the Spaniards and English――Return of Ferdinand―― Isabella II 302-312