The American Indian as Slaveholder and Seccessionist: An Omitted Chapter in the Diplomatic History of the Southern ConfederacyAbel, Annie Heloise
History
The American Indian as Slaveholder and Seccessionist: An Omitted Chapter in the Diplomatic History of the Southern Confederacy
Abel, Annie Heloise
Indian Territory; Slavery -- United States; United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865
[246] On the twenty-ninth of May, Pike wrote to Toombs again and informed
him that he was leaving for Tahlequah that very morning [_Ibid._, fourth
ser., vol. i, 359].
[247] See McCulloch to Walker, May 28, 1861 [_Ibid._, first ser., vol.
iii, 587-588].
[248] See Pike to Cooley, February 17, 1866 [Indian Office, _Miscellaneous
Files_].
[249] --_Ibid._
[250] McCulloch to Walker, June 12, 1861 [_Official Records_, first ser.,
vol. iii, 591].
[251] _Official Records_, first ser., vol. xiii, 489-490.
[252] _Official Records_, first ser., vol. iii, 585-587.
[253] --_Ibid._, 589.
[254] --_Ibid._, 587.
[255] --_Ibid._, 593-594.
[256] See Albert Pike to John Ross, June 6, 1861 and John Ross to Albert
Pike, July 1, 1861 in General Files, _Cherokee, 1859-1865_, C515.
[257] It would appear that, failing with John Ross, Pike tried to
negotiate with the disaffected Cherokees under the control of Stand Watie,
Boudinot, and others. See _Office Letter_ to President Johnson, February
25, 1866. Pike himself says that he invited some of these men to meet him
at the Creek Agency. See Pike to Cooley, February 17, 1866.
[258] The text of the treaties is to be found in the _Confederate
Statutes_ and also in _Official Records_, fourth ser., vol. i, as follows:
Creek Treaty, 426-443 Osage Treaty, 636-646
Choctaw and Chickasaw Treaty, 445-466 Seneca and Shawnee Treaty,
Seminole Treaty, 513-527 647-658
Wichita Treaty, 542-548 Quapaw Treaty, 659-666
Comanche Treaty, 548-554 Cherokee Treaty, 669-687
[259] Although the Creek Treaty was negotiated July tenth and was the
first to be negotiated, Dole was ignorant of its existence as late as
October second [_Report_, 1861, 39], which only goes to prove how very
slight was the Federal communication with Indian Territory through all
that critical time.
[260] President Davis, in his message of December 12, 1861, said,
Considering this act as a declaration by Congress of our future policy
in relation to those Indians, a copy of that act was transmitted to
the commissioner and he was directed to consider it as his
instructions in the contemplated negotiation. [Richardson, _Messages
and Papers of the Confederacy_, vol. i, 149; _Official Records_,
fourth ser., vol. i, 785.]
[261] All the treaties of the First Class contain a _Preamble_, lacking in
the others, which specifically outlines the assumption of the
protectorate. In addition, those same treaties have a special clause
accepting the full force of the Act of May twenty-first.
All references to these treaties, unless otherwise noted, will be page
references to the treaties as found in the _Statutes at Large_ of the
Provisional Government of the Confederate States of America.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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