The American Indians: Their History, Condition and Prospects, from Original Notes and ManuscriptsSchoolcraft, Henry Rowe
History
The American Indians: Their History, Condition and Prospects, from Original Notes and Manuscripts
Schoolcraft, Henry Rowe
Indians of North America
Having thus indicated the mode of distinguishing the person, number,
relation, and gender--or what is deemed its technical equivalent, the
mutation words undergo, not to mark the distinctions of _sex_, but the
presence or absence of _vitality_, I shall now advert to the inflections
which the pronouns take for _tense_, or rather, to form the auxiliary
verbs, have, had, shall, will, may, &c. A very curious and important
principle, and one, which clearly demonstrates that no part of speech
has escaped the transforming genius of the language. Not only are the
three great modifications of time accurately marked in the verbal forms
of the Chippewas, but by the inflection of the pronoun they are enabled
to indicate some of the oblique tenses, and thereby to conjugate their
verbs with accuracy and precision.
The particle _gee_ added to the first, second, and third persons
singular of the present tense, changes them to the perfect past,
rendering I, thou, He, I did--have--or had. Thou didst,--hast--or hadst,
He, or she did--have, or had. If _gah_, be substituted for _gee_, the
first future tense is formed, and the perfect past added to the first
future, forms the conditional future. As the eye may prove an auxiliary
in the comprehension of forms, which are not familiar, the following
tabular arrangement of them, is presented.
_First Person, I._
Nin gee, I did--have--had.
Nin gah, I shall--will.
Nin gah gee, I shall have--will have.
_Second Person, Thou._
Ke gee, Thou didst--hast--hadst.
Ke gah, Thou shalt--wilt.
Ke gah gee, Thou shalt have--wilt have.
_Third Person, He, or She._
O gee, He or she did--has--had.
O gah, He or she did--has--had.
O gah gee, He or she shall have--will have.
The present and imperfect tense of the potential mood, is formed by
_dau_, and the perfect by _gee_, suffixed as in other instances.
_First Person, I._
Nin dau, I may--can, &c.
Nin dau gee, I may have--can have, &c.
_Second Person, Thou._
Ke dau, Thou mayst--canst, &c.
Ke dau gee, Thou mayst have--canst have, &c.
_Third Person, He, or She._
O dau, He or she may--can, &c.
O dau gee, He or she may have--can have, &c.
In conjugating the verbs through the plural persons, the singular terms
for the pronoun remain, and they are rendered plural by a retrospective
action of the pronominal inflections of the verb. In this manner the
pronoun-verb auxiliary, has a general application, and the necessity of
double forms is avoided.
The preceding observations are confined to the formative or _prefixed_
pronouns. The inseparable suffixed or subformative are as follows--
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