--The negroes who were formerly slaves of the Choctaws and Chickasaws, and who still reside among those tribes, were emancipated by the United States, and part of the common domain apportioned to them. The operation of the treaty has, however, been evaded. These Freedmen are deprived of citizenship, the right to hold office and to vote; nor have their children any privilege of education under the school laws. It seems there is a ring of Indians as well as an Indian ring, and that they will not consent to have the land divided and held in severalty. This not only keeps the Freedman out of his rights, but prevents the common Indians from coming to understand their own. * * * * * The Chinese. --In the fifth article of the treaty of 1868 between the United States and China, the two governments mutually recognize, affirm and guarantee "the inherent and inalienable right of man to change his home and allegiance, and also the mutual advantage of the free migration and emigration of their citizens and subjects respectively from the one country to the other, for purposes of curiosity, of trade, or as permanent residents." The sixth article of the same treaty says: "Citizens of the United States visiting or residing in China shall enjoy the same privileges, immunities or exemptions in respect to travel or residence as may there be enjoyed by citizens or subjects of the most favored nation; and, reciprocally, Chinese subjects visiting or residing in the United States shall enjoy the same privileges, immunities and exemptions in respect to travel or residence as may there be enjoyed by the citizens or subjects of the most favored nation." --Treaties of the United States are recognized as part of "the supreme law of the land;" and in the early and famous case of Ware _vs._ Hylton, 3 Dall., 199, the principle was laid down by the Supreme Court, which has ever since been followed, that any exercise of State authority inconsistent with a treaty is thereby rendered wholly void. --Among the powers assigned to Congress, in the eighth section of the first article of the National Constitution, is that "to establish an uniform rule of naturalization," and "to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution this power." This remits the whole subject as to aliens, and their admission to citizenship, to Congress, with full authority.