The American Postal Service: History of the Postal Service from the Earliest TimesMelius, Louis
History
The American Postal Service: History of the Postal Service from the Earliest Times
Melius, Louis
Postal service -- United States -- History
During the Continental Government, the receipts of all the post offices
did not exceed $35,000 and in 1789 were $10,000 less. February 20,
1792, an act was passed establishing post offices and post roads within
the United States, the first general law. The contracts made were to
run eight years and the salary of the Postmaster General was increased
to $2,000, and $1,000 for his Assistant. The original number of post
offices (that is for the first year) was seventy-five and the mail
routes less than 2,000 miles over which mails were carried by horse,
stage, or sailing packets. In 1795, the number of postoffices had
increased to 453, and the routes to over 13,000, and the net revenue to
over $42,000. This closes the period of Continental management, except
ordinary details and changes which bore no relation to any especial
object or purpose.
The Period of Progress
From 1801 dates the great advance in modern methods, ideas and
accomplishment. It then occupied forty days to get a letter from
Portland, Me., to Savannah, Ga., and bring back an answer, and
forty-four at Philadelphia for a reply to one addressed to Nashville,
Tenn. Ten years later the time had been reduced to twenty-seven and
thirty days. By 1810 there were over 2,400 post offices and the post
routes covered over 37,000 miles. Marked improvements began soon after
this period. The office of Second Assistant Postmaster General was
created and the scale of postages changed. Single letters of one piece
were charged from 8 to 25 cents, according to distance. Sunday delivery
of mail at post offices was inaugurated about that time in the face of
great objection from the religious bodies of the country, the strife
being kept up for many years.
In 1813 the mails were first conveyed in steamboats from one port
town to another, the Government paying 3 cents for each letter and 1
cent for newspapers. The postal laws of 1816 made a further change
in postage which lasted until 1845. The new scale charged letters
consisting of one piece of paper, not going over 30 miles, 6 cents; not
over 80 miles, 10 cents; not over 150 miles, 12½ cents, and not over
400 miles, 18¾ cents, and for greater distances, 25 cents. On the ninth
of March, 1829, Hon. William T. Barry, of Kentucky, was commissioned
Postmaster General by President Jackson, and called to a seat in his
Cabinet, being the first Postmaster General to receive that honor.
Postage Stamps Introduced
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