Two or three hundred copies of a work were considered to be a large edition. PRINTING IN AMERICA. Printing was introduced into America at Mexico by the Viceroy Mendoza in 1536. The first book printed was the _Escala espiritual de San Juan Climaco_, of which no copy is known to exist; but the oldest American book now extant is the _Manual de Adultos_, dated 1540, of which only the last four leaves are to be found in the library of the Cathedral of Toledo. The name of the earliest printer is a matter of question. Cambridge, Massachusetts, is entitled to the distinction of having the first printing-press in North America, which was under the charge of Stephen Daye. For this press the colony was mainly indebted to the Rev. Jesse Glover, a nonconformist minister possessed of a considerable estate, who had left England to settle among his friends in Massachusetts. Some gentlemen of Amsterdam also “gave towards furnishing of a printing-press with letters, forty-nine pounds and something more.” This was about 1638. The first book issued was the _Bay Psalm-Book_, in 1640. The first book issued in the Middle Colonies was an Almanac, printed by William Bradford in 1685, near Philadelphia. Bradford was brought out from England in 1684 by William Penn. As the government of Pennsylvania became very restrictive in regard to the press, Bradford in 1693 removed to New York, and was appointed printer to that colony, where he established in 1725 the _New York Gazette_, the first newspaper published there. He died May 23, 1752, after an active and useful life of eighty-nine years.[5] The first newspaper in America was the _Boston News Letter_, which was first issued by John Campbell on Monday, April 24, 1704: it was regularly published for nearly seventy-two years. The second was the _Boston Gazette_, begun December 21, 1719. The third was the _American Weekly Mercury_, issued in Philadelphia, by Andrew Bradford, on December 22, 1719. James Franklin, an elder brother of Benjamin, established the _New England Courant_, August 17, 1721. The oldest living paper of the United States is the _New Hampshire Gazette_, published at Portsmouth, now (Oct. 7, 1892) one hundred and thirty-six years old. _The North American and United States Gazette_ leads the existing daily press of this country in point of antiquity. It is the successor of the _Pennsylvania Packet_, (begun in 1771 and becoming a daily paper in 1784,) and is still the chief commercial journal of Philadelphia. The first paper-mill in America was established near Germantown, Pa., in 1690, by William Rittenhouse.[6] TYPE-FOUNDING IN EUROPE.