The American Printer: A Manual of Typography: Containing practical directions for managing all departments of a printing office, as well as complete instructions for apprentices; with several useful tables, numerous schemes for imposing forms in every variety, hints to authors, etc.MacKellar, Thomas
History
The American Printer: A Manual of Typography: Containing practical directions for managing all departments of a printing office, as well as complete instructions for apprentices; with several useful tables, numerous schemes for imposing forms in every variety, hints to authors, etc.
MacKellar, Thomas
Graphic design (Typography); Printing -- United States -- Handbooks, manuals, etc.; Printing industry -- United States
Long Primer. Upon the supposition that some bodies of letter
took their names from works in which they were first employed,
we are induced to believe that the Germans gave the name of
Corpus to this character on account of their Corpus Juris being
first done in this size. The French call this letter Petit
Romain.
Bourgeois is a very useful and convenient size of letter. It
is frequently used in double-column octavo pages. The name
indicates that it originated in France; although type of this
body is now called Gaillarde by French printers. Two lines of
this letter are equivalent to one line of Great Primer, or four
lines of Diamond.
Brevier was first used for printing the Breviaries, or Roman
Catholic Church books, and hence its name. The Germans call it
Petit, and Jungfer (maiden letter). It is an admirable type,
and cannot conveniently be dispensed with in any considerable
printing-office.
Minion follows Brevier, and is commonly used for newspapers,
and for notes and indexes in book-work. Its name is due
probably to its being smaller than any type in use at the
period of its invention. It fills a useful place in a
printing-office.
Nonpareil came next in order; and its originator, supposing
that he had reached the extreme of diminutiveness, gave it
this triumphant title. It is extensively used, though mostly
on newspapers, and for notes and indexes for duodecimo books
and smaller. It is certainly the smallest type that should be
allowed in book-work.
Agate probably arose from the necessities of newspaper
publishers. As patronage increased, it became desirable to have
a type less in size than Nonpareil, for the advertisements,
shipping news, markets, &c.; and Agate was made to meet the
emergency. It is now extensively used for pocket editions of
the Bible and Prayer Books.
Pearl may be said to have been born of ambition. As
punch-cutters became more expert, some one possessed of a keen
eye and a delicate mechanical finger determined to surpass
in smallness the achievements of his predecessors. Hence the
origin of this type. This type is also employed in printing
miniature volumes.
Diamond followed, as a matter of course; for human ingenuity,
when provoked, seems determined to go to the utmost verge of
possibility. This type is so minute that a pound of it will
contain more than 3300 of the letter i; yet, to produce each
letter of an alphabet, a steel punch has to be cut and a matrix
made, in which the types are cast one by one, and, being set up
in lines, are rubbed and dressed by the founder for the use of
the compositor.
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