They are alleged to have been jealous about their language, and unwilling for any stranger to learn it. Their religious exercises were conducted in Kechua, with which they were all more or less acquainted. The only specimen of their tongue in modern treatises is the Lord’s Prayer, printed by Hervas and copied by Adelung.[316] On it Hervas based the opinion that the Puquina was an independent stock. The editors of the “Mithridates” seemed to incline to the belief that it was related to the Aymara, and this opinion was fully adopted by Clement L. Markham, who pronounced it “a very rude dialect of the Lupaca,”[317] in which he was followed by the learned Von Tschudi.[318] None of these authorities had other material than the _Pater Noster_ referred to. Hervas credits it to a work of the missionary Geronimo de Ore, which it is evident that neither he nor any of the other writers named had ever seen, as they all speak of the specimen as the only printed example of the tongue. This work is the _Rituale seu Manuale Peruanum_, published at Naples in 1607. It contains about thirty pages in the Puquina tongue, with translations into Aymara, Kechua, Spanish and Latin, and thus forms a mine of material for the student. Though rare, a copy of it is in the Bibliothèque Nationale at Paris, and is thus readily accessible. I have published a number of extracts from its Puquina renderings in the _Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society_ for 1890. They are sufficient to show that while this language borrowed many terms, especially those referring to religion and culture, from the neighboring Kechua and Aymara dialects, these were but additions to a primitive stock fundamentally different from either of them. The dissimilarity of the three tongues is well seen in their numerals, which are as follows: KECHUA. AYMARA. PUQUINA. One, _huc_, _mayni_, _pesc_. Two, _iscay_, _pani_, _so_. Three, _quimsa_, _quimsa_, _capa_. Four, _tahua_, _pusi_, _sper_. Five, _pichka_, _pisca_, _tacpa_. Six, _soccta_, _chocta_, _chichun_. Seven, _canchis_, _pa-callco_, _stu_. Eight, _pusacc_, _quimsa-callco_, _quina_. Nine, _iscon_, _llalla-tunca_, _checa_. Ten, _chunca_, _tunca_, _scata_.