The term Mataguayos was applied to some of this stock as well as to some of the Guaycurus. The former included the Agoyas, the Inimacas or Imacos, and the Palomos, to whom the Jesuit Joseph Araoz went as missionary, and composed a grammar and dictionary of their dialect. He describes them as exceedingly barbarous and intractable.[506] The Tayunis had at one time 188 towns, and the Teutas 46 towns. This was in the palmy days of the Jesuit reductions.[507] Both these extensive tribes are classed by D’Orbigny with the Matacos. According to the older writers the _Payaguas_ lived on the river Paraguay, and spoke their tongue in two dialects, the Payagua and the Sarigue. Von Martius, however, denies there ever was such a distinct people. The word _payagua_, he remarks, was a generic term for “enemies,” and was applied indiscriminately to roving hordes of Guaycurus, Mbayas, etc.[508] The Payaguas, however, are mentioned distinctly by the early missionaries as a nation with peculiar language and habits. They differed from their neighbors as being aquatic, not equestrian. They were singularly skilful boatmen and had a mythology apart from the other tribes, “worshipping the devil under the figure of a great bird.”[509] There is also a manuscript in the Library of the American Philosophical Society, written in the middle of the last century, describing the visit of a missionary to the Payaguas, at that time resident near Santa Fé in Paraguay. He accuses them as given to revolting vices and utterly barbarous.[510] The statement of Von Martius that the nation has entirely disappeared is incorrect, as quite recently a vocabulary of it has been obtained by Don Luis de Fontana, which shows it to be distinct both from the Guaycuru and any other known stock.[511] LINGUISTIC STOCKS OF THE GRAN CHACO. _Guaycuru Stock_: _Abipones_, in the central Chaco. _Aguilotes_, sub-tribe of the Mbocobis. _Bocobis_, see _Mbocobis_. _Cadioéos_, near Fort Olimpo on the Paraguay. _Chichas Orejones_. _Churumatas_. _Guachis_, on Rio Mondego. _Guaycurus_, on the middle Paraguay. _Malbalas_, on the Rio Vermejo. _Matagayos-Churumatas_. _Mbayas_, on Rio Xerui. _Mbocobis_, on the Rio Vermejo. _Pitilagas_, see _Yapitalaguas_. _Quiniquinaux_, northeast of Albuquerque. _Tobas_, north of the Mbocobis. _Terenos_, on the Rio de Miranda. _Yapitalaguas_, on the Rio Vermejo. _Lule Stock_: _Chunipis_, on Rio Vermejo. _Juris_, on Rio Salado. _Lules_, near Rio Vermejo. _Mataras_, on Rio Pilcomayo. _Oristines_, on Rio Pilcomayo. _Sinipis_, see _Chunipis_. _Tonocotes_, on Rio Pilcomayo. _Toquistines_, on Rio Pilcomayo. _Vilelas_, north of the Rio Vermejo. _Ysistines_, on the Pilcomayo. _Mataco Stock_: