_Agoyas_, on Rio Vermejo. _Atalalas_, on Rio Vermejo. _Enimagas_ or _Imacos_, on east bank of Pilcomayo. _Matacos_, on Rio Verde. _Mataguayos_, north of Rio Vermejo. _Ocoles_, south of Rio Vermejo. _Palomos_, on Rio Vermejo. _Taunies_, on Rio Vermejo. _Teutas_, on Rio Vermejo. _Vejosos_, on Rio Vermejo. _Xolotes_, on Rio Vermejo. _Yoes_, on Rio Vermejo. _Payagua Stock_: _Agaces_, on Rio Paraguay. _Payaguas_, near Santa Fé. _Sarigues_, on middle Paraguay. Among the independent Chaco stocks, D’Orbigny classes the _Lenguas_, who in 1828 lived, about 300 in number, near Corrientes.[512] Von Martius believed they were a branch of the Guaycurus.[513] There is ample evidence, however, that they were a wandering branch of the Chiquitos of Bolivia. The missionary, J. P. Fernandez, who visited them about a century before D’Orbigny, says expressly that they spoke the same tongue as the Chiquitos;[514] and the statement of Hervas that the similarities of their words to the Chiquito arose from borrowed expressions is not well founded.[515] The _Charruas_ were a barbarous nation living in the extensive plains which stretch from the banks of the Parana to the sea coast. They were savage and courageous, without fixed homes, and skilled in the use of the bola. One of their customs was to cut off a joint of a finger on the death of a relative, and there were few of the adults that were not thus maimed.[516] In appearance they were usually large in size, heavily built, with big heads and broad faces, narrow noses, small eyes and large mouths. Their color was dark.[517] The members of this family as recorded by the early writers, especially Hervas, are as follows: CHARRUA LINGUISTIC STOCK. _Bohanes_, on the Paraguay near the Rio Negro (extinct). _Chanes_, adjacent to the Bohanes. _Charruas_, on the coast east of the Rio Uruguay. _Guenoas_, east of the Uruguay. _Martidanes_, east of the Uruguay. _Minuanes_, between the Uruguay and Parana. _Yaros_, on east bank of Uruguay (extinct). Dr. Paul Ehrenreich describes them as they are to-day, splendid riders and daring soldiers, but faithless and tricky;[518] so they have not much improved since Father Chomé in 1730 stigmatized them as _francs voleurs de grand chemin_.[519] The _Guatos_ or Vuatos were accolents of the upper Paraguay and Araguay, and had fixed settlements near Albuquerque. Travelers report them as an unusually handsome people. They are well-built, light in hue, with Roman noses and regular features, and the men with a well-developed beard on lip and chin. This appearance does not belie their intelligence, which is above the average. Polygamy prevails to an uncommon extent. Von Martius thought that they were of a northeastern origin, connected perhaps with the Malalis of Bahia, who are a Tapuya people.[520] There may have been some admixture, as from a small vocabulary I quote the following resemblances: