[67] “Unlike the Indian,” writes Mr. F. F. Payne, “the Eskimo is nearly always laughing, and even in times of great distress it is not hard to make them smile.” “The Eskimo at Hudson Strait,” in _Proc. Canad. Institute_, 1889, p. 128. [68] W. J. Hoffman, “On Indian and Eskimo Pictography,” in _Trans. Anthrop. Soc. of Washington_, Vol. II, p. 146. [69] See some examples in my _Essays of an Americanist_, pp. 288-290 (Philadelphia, 1890). [70] G. Holm, _Les Grönlandais Orientaux_, p. 382 (Copenhagen, 1889). [71] Dr. A. Pfizmaier, _Darlegungen Grönländischer Verbalformen_ (Wien, 1885). [72] On the relative position of the Chukchis, Namollos and Yuit, consult Dall in _American Naturalist_, 1881, p. 862; J. W. Kelly, in _Circular of the U. S. Bureau of Education_, No. 2, 1890, p. 8; A. Pfizmaier, _Die Sprachen der Aleuten_, p. 1 (Vienna, 1884). The Yuits are also known as _Tuski_. The proper location of the Namollos is on the Arctic Sea, from East Cape to Cape Shelagskoi (Dall). [73] _Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum_, 1883, p. 427. All of Clement G. Markham’s arguments for the Asiatic origin of the Eskimos have been refuted. [74] Either from the river Olutora and some islands near its mouth (Petroff); or from Eleutes, a tribe in Siberia, whom the Russians thought they resembled (Pinart). [75] Ivan Petroff, in _Trans. Amer. Anthrop. Soc._, Vol. II, p. 90. [76] Comp. H. Winkler, _Ural-Altäische Völker und Sprachen_, s. 119, and Dall, _Contributions to N. Amer. Ethnology_, Vol. I, p. 49, who states that their tongue is distinctly connected with the Innuit of Alaska. [77] Dr. A. Pfizmaier, _Die Sprache der Aleuten und Fuchsinseln_, s. 4 (Vienna, 1884). [78] Dall, loc. cit., p. 47. [79] Ivan Petroff, loc. cit., p. 91. [80] Mr. A. S. Gatschet has compiled the accessible information about the Beothuk language in two articles in the _Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society_, 1885 and 1886. [81] J. C. E. Buschmann, _Der Athapaskische Sprachstamm_, 4to., Berlin, 1856, and _Die Verwandtschafts-Verhältnisse der Athapaskischen Sprachen_, Berlin, 1863. [82] See Mgr. Henry Faraud, _Dix-huit Ans chez les Sauvages_, pp. 345, etc. (Paris, 1866.) Petitot, _Les Déné Dindjié_, p. 32. [83] See George M. Dawson, in _An. Rep. of the Geol. Survey of Canada_, 1887, p. 191, sq.; Washington Matthews and J. G. Bourke, in _Jour. of Amer. Folk-Lore_, 1890, p. 89, sq. [84] The best blanket-makers, smiths and other artisans among the Navajos are descendants of captives from the Zuñi and other pueblos. John G. Bourke, _Journal of American Folk-Lore_, 1890, p. 115. [85] A. F. Bandelier, _Indians of the Southwestern United States_, pp. 175-6 (Boston, 1890). [86] Dr. Washington Matthews, in _Journal of American Folk-Lore_, 1890, p. 90. [87] The student of this language finds excellent material in the _Dictionnaire de la Langue Déné-Dindjié_, par E. Petitot (folio, Paris, 1876), in which three dialects are presented.