[50] Thus the Heiltsuk and Kwakiutl of the northwest coast, though speaking close dialects of the same stock, differ fundamentally in their social organization. That of the former is matriarchal, of the latter patriarchal. Boas, _Fifth Report to the Brit. Assoc. Adv. Science_, p. 38. [51] _Races and Peoples; Lectures on the Science of Ethnography_, p. 55 (David McKay, Philadelphia.) [52] _Die Entstehung der Arten durch Räumliche Sonderung_ (Basel, 1889). [53] J. W. Sanborn, _Legends, Customs and Social Life of the Seneca Indians_, p. 36 (Gowanda, N. Y., 1878). [54] Father Ragueneau tells us that among the Hurons, when a man was killed, thirty gifts were required to condone the offence, but when a woman was the victim, forty were demanded. _Relation des Jesuits_, 1635. [55] Dr. W. H. Corbusier, in _American Antiquarian_, Sept., 1886; Dr. Amedée Moure, _Les Indiens de Mato Grosso_, p. 9 (Paris, 1862). [56] This opinion is defended by Max Schlosser in the _Archiv für Anthropologie_, 1889, s. 132. [57] The lama was never ridden, nor attached for draft, though the opposite has been stated. See J. J. von Tschudi, “Das Lama,” in _Zeitschrift für Ethnologie_, 1885, s. 108. [58] See “The Lineal Measures of the Semi-Civilized Nations of Mexico and Central America,” in my _Essays of an Americanist_, p. 433 (Philadelphia, 1890). [59] The Caribs and some of the Peruvian coast tribes sometimes lifted a large square cloth when running with the wind; but this is not what is meant by a sail. [60] _American Hero-Myths_ (Philadelphia, 1882). [61] Carlos de Gagern, _Charakteristik der Indianischen Bevölkerung Mexikos_, s. 23 (Wien, 1873.) [62] I have treated this subject at considerable length in opposition to the opinion of Lucien Adam and Friedrich Müller in my _Essays of an Americanist_, pp. 349-389 (Philadelphia, 1890). [63] Packard, “Notes on the Labrador Eskimo and their former range southward,” in _American Naturalist_, 1885, p. 471. [64] John Murdoch, in _The American Anthropologist_, 1888, p. 129; also Dr. Henry Rink, _The Eskimo Tribes_ (London, 1887); Dr. Franz Boas, _The Central Eskimo_, in the Sixth _Annual Report_ of the Bureau of Ethnology; W. H. Dall, _Tribes of the Extreme Northwest_ (Washington, 1887); Ivan Petroff, in _The American Naturalist_, 1882, p. 567. [65] Dall is positive that there is no racial distinction between the Innuit and the other American Indians, loc. cit., p. 95. He adds: “The Tartar, Japanese or Chinese origin of these people finds no corroboration in their manners, dress or language.” [66] Commander G. Holm found the East Greenlanders, a pure stock, well marked mesocephalic, with a maximum of 84.2 (_Les Grönlandais Orientaux_, p. 365, Copenhagen, 1889). Dall gives the range to his measurements of Innuit skulls from 87 to 70 (_Contributions to American Ethnology_, Vol. I, p. 71).