(6) _To stimulate the torpid liver._ This is not in biliousness, but when the liver does not secrete bile enough; the patient is constipated, and the stools are too light from lack of bile. (7) _To remove pathogenetic material from the bowels._ Diarrhea is usually caused by the irritation of toxines formed by the growth of bacteria in the intestinal liquids. In the adult when this is an acute attack, salines are best to wash them out. In the child, when this continues for days, it is better to select those cathartics which are bactericides, so as to kill them, such as calomel and gray powder. (8) _To remove feces._ This is probably the most common use of cathartics. Those which slightly increase peristalsis and secretion are adapted for this. The drastic purgatives are too strong for this purpose. Among those commonly used are magnesia, sulphur, castor oil, rhubarb, senna, cascara sagrada, jalap, podophyllin, and salines. (9) _To relieve chronic constipation._ In selecting a cathartic for this purpose we will be guided so far as possible by local conditions. The trouble may be in the small intestine, colon, or rectum. We must decide whether it is due to diminished peristalsis, or secretion, or too rapid absorption. If it is due to a relaxed condition of the muscles of descending colon and rectum, aloes is efficient. If it is due to general relaxation of the intestinal muscles, physostigmine or strychnine may be of use. If there is a diminished secretion or increased absorption the ingestion of more water and foods containing water, as fruits and vegetables, will sometimes be of service. (10) _To purge the nursing child._ 168 S. Halstead St., Chicago. _UNREGARDED CAUSES OF ILL-HEALTH IN AMERICAN WOMEN._ By JOHN FORD BARBOUR, M. D.